Lawson K D, Middleton S J, Hassall C D
Procter & Gamble Company, Winton Hill Technical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45224, USA.
Drug Metab Rev. 1997 Aug;29(3):651-703. doi: 10.3109/03602539709037594.
Olestra has been shown to be safe for its intended use by extensive testing in animals and in humans. It is not digested or absorbed and has no effect on the structure or physiology of the GI tract, the only organ of the body that it contacts. Olestra can interfere with the absorption of other lipophilic substances from the GI tract. The interference occurs because a portion of those molecules that are sufficiently lipophilic partition into the nonabsorbed olestra and is carried out of the body. Whether olestra will interfere with the absorption of a specific molecule can be predicted from the octanol-water partition coefficient of the molecule, a parameter that can be measured or calculated from a knowledge of the structure of the molecule. Olestra does not affect the absorption or efficacy of oral drugs because, in general, they are not sufficiently lipophilic to partition into the olestra. Olestra does not affect the absorption of water-soluble micronutrients or the absorption and utilization of macronutrients. Olestra can reduce the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins when olestra foods and the vitamins are coingested. These effects can be offset by adding specific amounts of the vitamins to foods made with olestra. Other than the carotenoids and vitamins A and E, olestra does not affect the absorption of potentially beneficial components of fruits and vegetables. The effects on the vitamins can be offset by adding the vitamins to olestra foods. The reduction in the absorption of carotenoids will be less than 6-10% when olestra snacks are eaten under free-living dietary patterns. Any effect this reduction has on vitamin A status can be offset by addition of vitamin A to the foods. The absorption of flavonoids, polyphenols, and most other phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables, which have been shown to provide beneficial health effects, will not be affected by olestra because they are not sufficiently lipophilic. Individuals consuming large quantities of olestra may experience mild or moderate common GI symptoms such as loose or soft stools, gas, or nausea, symptoms similar to those experienced with certain other foods or changed dietary habits. When olestra snack foods are eaten under free-living dietary patterns, the symptoms are not different from those experienced when eating full-fat snack products, in either incidence or severity. When they are experienced, the symptoms resolve in 1-2 days, but may recur. They do not worsen with continued or increased olestra consumption and pose no health risk to the consumer. Olestra products will carry an information label alerting consumers to the possibility of GI symptoms. Olestra foods provide an additional option to those individuals who want or need to lower their total energy intake and body weight. These individuals will find it easier to change dietary habits and to maintain healthful nutritional practices when they use olestra foods. For those who want or need to reduce fat intake but not lose weight, olestra foods can reduce fat intake without affecting energy. Because olestra foods have taste and other organoleptic properties that are similar to those of full-fat foods, individuals will find it easier to switch to low-fat diets.
通过在动物和人体中的广泛测试，已证明奥利斯特拉在其预期用途上是安全的。它不会被消化或吸收，对胃肠道（它接触的身体唯一器官）的结构或生理功能没有影响。奥利斯特拉会干扰胃肠道中其他亲脂性物质的吸收。这种干扰的发生是因为那些足够亲脂的分子的一部分会分配到未被吸收的奥利斯特拉中并被带出体外。奥利斯特拉是否会干扰特定分子的吸收可以根据该分子的辛醇 - 水分配系数来预测，这是一个可以根据分子结构知识进行测量或计算的参数。奥利斯特拉不会影响口服药物的吸收或疗效，因为一般来说，它们的亲脂性不足以分配到奥利斯特拉中。奥利斯特拉不会影响水溶性微量营养素的吸收或常量营养素的吸收和利用。当同时摄入含奥利斯特拉的食物和脂溶性维生素时，奥利斯特拉会降低脂溶性维生素的吸收。通过在含奥利斯特拉的食物中添加特定量的维生素，可以抵消这些影响。除了类胡萝卜素以及维生素A和E外，奥利斯特拉不会影响水果和蔬菜中潜在有益成分的吸收。对维生素的影响可以通过在含奥利斯特拉的食物中添加维生素来抵消。在自由生活饮食模式下食用含奥利斯特拉的零食时，类胡萝卜素吸收的减少将小于6 - 10%。这种减少对维生素A状态的任何影响都可以通过在食物中添加维生素A来抵消。水果和蔬菜中的黄酮类化合物、多酚和大多数其他植物化学物质已被证明具有有益健康的作用，它们的吸收不会受到奥利斯特拉的影响，因为它们的亲脂性不足。大量食用奥利斯特拉的个体可能会出现轻度或中度的常见胃肠道症状，如腹泻或大便松软、胀气或恶心，这些症状与食用某些其他食物或改变饮食习惯时出现的症状相似。在自由生活饮食模式下食用含奥利斯特拉的零食时，症状在发生率或严重程度上与食用全脂零食产品时没有差异。当出现这些症状时，它们会在1 - 2天内消失，但可能会复发。它们不会随着奥利斯特拉摄入量的持续增加而恶化，对消费者也没有健康风险。奥利斯特拉产品将带有信息标签，提醒消费者注意胃肠道症状的可能性。含奥利斯特拉的食物为那些想要或需要降低总能量摄入和体重的个体提供了另一种选择。这些个体在使用含奥利斯特拉的食物时会发现更容易改变饮食习惯并保持健康的营养习惯。对于那些想要或需要减少脂肪摄入但又不想减肥的人来说，含奥利斯特拉的食物可以减少脂肪摄入而不影响能量。因为含奥利斯特拉的食物具有与全脂食物相似的味道和其他感官特性，个体将发现更容易转向低脂饮食。
