Campbell P M, Trott J F, Claudianos C, Smyth K A, Russell R J, Oakeshott J G
CSIRO, Division of Entomology, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia.
Biochem Genet. 1997 Feb;35(1-2):17-40. doi: 10.1023/a:1022256412623.
Esterase activities associated with organophosphate insecticide resistance in the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, are compared with similar activities in other Diptera. The enzymes making the major contribution to methyl butyrate hydrolysis ("ali-esterase") in L. cuprina, M. domestica, and D. melanogaster comigrate during electrophoresis. The enzymes in L. cuprina and D. melanogaster correspond to the naphthyl acetate hydrolyzing E3 and EST23 isozymes of those species. These and previously published data suggest that the ali-esterases of all three species are orthologous. Strains of L. cuprina fall into four groups on the basis of quantitative determinations of their ali-estesterase, OP hydrolase, and malathion carboxylesterase activities and these groups correspond to their status with respect to two types of OP resistance. Strains susceptible to OP's have high ali-esterase, low OP hydrolase, and intermediate MCE activities; those resistant to malathion but not diazinon have low ali-esterase, intermediate OP hydrolase, and high MCE activities; those resistant to diazinon but not malathion have low ali-esterase, high OP hydrolase, and low MCE activities; those resistant to both OPs have low ali-esterase, high OP hydrolase, and high MCE activities. The correlated changes among the three biochemical and two resistance phenotypes suggest that they are all properties of one gene/enzyme system; three major allelic variants of that system explain OP susceptibility and the two types of OP resistance. Models are proposed to explain the joint contribution of OP hydrolase and MCE activities to malathion resistance and the invariant association of low ali-esterase and elevated OP hydrolase activities in either type of resistance.
将澳大利亚绵羊绿蝇（Lucilia cuprina）中与有机磷杀虫剂抗性相关的酯酶活性与其他双翅目昆虫的类似活性进行了比较。在绿蝇、家蝇和黑腹果蝇中，对丁酸甲酯水解起主要作用的酶（“异酯酶”）在电泳过程中共迁移。绿蝇和黑腹果蝇中的酶分别对应于这两个物种中水解醋酸萘酯的E3和EST23同工酶。这些以及先前发表的数据表明，这三个物种的异酯酶是直系同源的。根据对绿蝇异酯酶、有机磷水解酶和马拉硫磷羧酸酯酶活性的定量测定，绿蝇菌株可分为四类，这些类别与其对两种有机磷抗性的状态相对应。对有机磷敏感的菌株具有高异酯酶、低有机磷水解酶和中等马拉硫磷羧酸酯酶活性；对马拉硫磷有抗性但对二嗪农无抗性的菌株具有低异酯酶、中等有机磷水解酶和高马拉硫磷羧酸酯酶活性；对二嗪农有抗性但对马拉硫磷无抗性的菌株具有低异酯酶、高有机磷水解酶和低马拉硫磷羧酸酯酶活性；对两种有机磷都有抗性的菌株具有低异酯酶、高有机磷水解酶和高马拉硫磷羧酸酯酶活性。三种生化特性和两种抗性表型之间的相关变化表明，它们都是一个基因/酶系统的特性；该系统的三个主要等位基因变体解释了对有机磷的敏感性以及两种有机磷抗性类型。提出了模型来解释有机磷水解酶和马拉硫磷羧酸酯酶活性对马拉硫磷抗性的共同作用，以及在任何一种抗性类型中低异酯酶和升高的有机磷水解酶活性之间的不变关联。
