Zinni V R
Child and Adolescent Treatment Services, Buffalo, NY 14216, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 1997 Jul;21(7):657-68. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00025-2.
The aim of this study was to determine whether or not differences existed between control and clinic children at one age group in terms of how they undertook a sandplay picture task. Relatedly, it was seen as important to determine whether or not groups were indeed disparate in terms of amount of emotional stress or suffering.
An experimental comparison of the sandplay behavior and pictures of 10 and 11 year olds was conducted, with subjects equally distributed in two primary groups, clinic and control. Twenty-six clinic children (13 males and 13 females) were included, who had experienced sexual, physical, and/or emotional abuse. Twenty-six control children (13 males and 13 females) were also included. All children came from the same metropolitan area. In order to validate the assumption that these two groups were distinct on the dimension of distress, the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist was administered. An interrater counting technique was used to evaluate photographs of the pictures and score for content and theme.
Results indicated that there were differences in the sandplay of clinic and control children in all three of the dependent variables; content, theme, and approach to the sandplay. Significant differences also existed between Achenbach groups. Most pronounced were the differences in approach to the sandplay, with clinic children, low competency and high problem children having difficulty staying within the boundary of the box, having more regressed play, and presenting more disorganized pictures.
Sandplay pictures do differ between children who are experiencing emotional stress and those who are not. Sandplay may serve as a useful assessment tool in therapeutic work with children, as it is nonverbal in nature and generally popular with younger clients. More studies are needed which replicate this methodology, and which increase subject numbers.
本研究旨在确定在一个年龄组中，对照组儿童和临床组儿童在进行沙盘游戏图片任务时是否存在差异。与此相关的是，确定两组在情绪压力或痛苦程度方面是否确实存在差异也被视为很重要。
对10岁和11岁儿童的沙盘游戏行为及图片进行了实验比较，将受试者平均分为临床组和对照组两个主要组。纳入了26名临床组儿童（13名男性和13名女性），他们曾遭受过性虐待、身体虐待和/或情感虐待。还纳入了26名对照组儿童（13名男性和13名女性）。所有儿童都来自同一个大都市地区。为了验证这两组在痛苦维度上是不同的这一假设，使用了阿肯巴克儿童行为量表。采用评分者间计数技术对图片照片进行评估，并对内容和主题进行评分。
结果表明，临床组和对照组儿童在所有三个因变量上的沙盘游戏存在差异；内容、主题和沙盘游戏方法。阿肯巴克量表分组之间也存在显著差异。最明显的是沙盘游戏方法上的差异，临床组儿童、能力低下和问题较多的儿童难以呆在盒子边界内，游戏退行更多，图片更杂乱。
经历情绪压力的儿童和未经历情绪压力的儿童的沙盘游戏图片确实存在差异。沙盘游戏可能是儿童治疗工作中一种有用的评估工具，因为它本质上是非语言的，并且通常受年幼客户欢迎。需要更多重复此方法并增加受试者数量的研究。
