[Long QT syndrome under cisapride in neonates and infants].

BACKGROUND

Cisapride is frequently used in the newborn and infant for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. Twisting-spikes have been reported in adults due to overdosage or therapeutic interaction. We report seven cases of QT prolongation in infants treated with cisapride.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Seven children (one full-term, two mature preterms, four preterm babies), aged (mean, range) 41.8 +/- 21 days (14-79) weighing 2.1 +/- 1.1 kg (1.2-4), free from any cardiac abnormality, except one patent ductus arteriosus, have been studied by ECG and Holter monitoring. They received cisapride at a mean dose of 1.31 +/- 0.2 mg/kg/d (between 1 and 1.7 mg/kg/d).

RESULTS

The corrected QT (QTc: N < 450 ms) was increased to 486 ms (450-540) with a notched T-wave pattern. No arrhythmia was detected. In five cases, cisapride was stopped and changed to metoclopramide. Cisapride dosage was reduced to 0.8 mg/kg/d in the two others. No other therapeutic modification was done. A control ECG performed 48 hours after therapeutic changes showed a QTc shortening of 74 +/- 18 ms (45-90) and the disappearance of the notches independent of any heart rate changes, leading to normal QTc values: 413 +/- 21 ms (390-440).

CONCLUSION

High cisapride dosage in preterm, newborns and infants seems to favor QT prolongation which is reversible when dosage is reduced or drug is stopped. The use of cisapride in combination with other drugs known to increase QT should be done with extreme caution.