Durán Santana M C, Marincovich R I, Game J H, Marincovich D I
Universidad de Chile, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Santiago, Chile.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1996 Jun;46(2):97-106.
The objective of this study was to carry out a comparative study of the nutritional status of a representative sample of 651 rural school children from Chile's Metropolitan Region between two periods: 1986-1987 and 1989. The percentages of weight/age (%W/A), height/age (%H/A) and weight/height (%W/H), as well as Z scores were compared with WHO Tables; head circumference/age (%HC/A), with Tanner Tables and brachial anthropometric measurements with Frisuncho standards. Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured through Graffar's Modified Method. Statistical procedures included analysis of variance, "t" test for comparison of the means and chi-square. In 1989, results showed an improvement, both present nutritional status (%W/H) and SES as compared with 1986-1987 period. %W/A increased and %H/A decreased from 1986-1987 to 1989. %W/H should be a better indicator of nutritional status due to the high incidence of growth failure (47.4%) which was detected in 51.9% and 30.9% in low-low SES and medium SES, respectively (p < 0.001). Obesity was significantly higher in females (23.5%) than in males (13.2%) (p < 0.05) by which this problem must be prevented to avoid negative consequences in present and adult life. %HC/A positively and significantly increased from 1986-1987 to 1989 confirming that educational selectivity apparently relates to %HC/A, and not to %W/A or %H/A. Considering that only 13.0% of school-age children were beneficiaries of the School Feeding Program (PAE), the high prevalence of undernutrition and growth failure in non-beneficiaries and the fact that most part of the sample (86.9%) belong to low-SES, it should be necessary to increase the covering of PAE in the rural area of Chile's Metropolitan Region.
本研究的目的是对来自智利首都大区的651名农村学童的代表性样本在两个时期（1986 - 1987年和1989年）的营养状况进行比较研究。将体重/年龄百分比（%W/A）、身高/年龄百分比（%H/A）和体重/身高百分比（%W/H）以及Z分数与世界卫生组织的表格进行比较；头围/年龄百分比（%HC/A）与坦纳表格进行比较，肱部人体测量数据与弗里孙乔标准进行比较。社会经济地位（SES）通过格拉法尔改良法进行衡量。统计程序包括方差分析、用于均值比较的“t”检验和卡方检验。1989年的结果显示，与1986 - 1987年相比，当前营养状况（%W/H）和社会经济地位均有所改善。从1986 - 1987年到1989年，%W/A增加而%H/A下降。由于在低低社会经济地位和中等社会经济地位群体中分别检测到51.9%和30.9%的生长发育不良高发病率（47.4%），%W/H应该是营养状况的更好指标（p < 0.001）。女性肥胖率（23.5%）显著高于男性（13.2%）（p < 0.05），因此必须预防这一问题，以避免对当前和成年生活产生负面影响。从1986 - 1987年到1989年，%HC/A呈正向且显著增加，这证实了教育选择性显然与%HC/A相关，而与%W/A或%H/A无关。鉴于只有13.0%的学龄儿童是学校供餐计划（PAE）的受益者，非受益者中营养不良和生长发育不良的高患病率以及样本的大部分（86.9%）属于低社会经济地位群体，有必要增加智利首都大区农村地区PAE的覆盖范围。
