Hazbun Game J, Ivanovic Marincovich R, Durán Santana M C, Ivanovic Marincovich D
Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Unidad de Nutrición y Rendimiento Escolar, Universidad de Chile.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1996 Sep;46(3):183-9.
The objective of this study was to investigate the food habits of a representative sample of 651 rural school-age children from Chile's Metropolitan Region and to carry out a comparative study between 1986-1987 and 1989. Food habits were defined as the frequency of consumption of foods expressed as days per week and were determined through a questionnaire administered to school-age children by the investigators and were compared with Model Allowance, established by Chile's Ministry of Health. Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured through Graffar's modified method. Statistical procedures included analysis of variance and student "t" test for comparison of the means. The frequency of consumption of most food decreased in 1989 compared with 1986-1987. Most consumed foods (above 90%) were bread and potatoes and between 70-75% of the school-age children consumed milk, meat, yoghurt, poultry, eggs, beans, onions, cabbage, squash, lettuce, bananas, oranges, apples, grapes, biscuits, spaghetti, rice, oil, butter, carbonated beverages and juices, candies, sugar and chocolate. Foods most disliked were fresh cheese (69.3%), radish (62.2%), shellfish (59.4%) and chickpeas (48.8%). Males presented a frequency of consumption of beans, chickpeas (p < 0.05), lentil and chard swiss (p < 0.01) significantly higher than females, but these last ones registered a frequency of consumption of apples, cookies, oil (p < 0.05), onions and candies (p < 0.01) significantly higher than males. The frequency of consumption of most foods, especially milk, fish and bread (p < 0.01) decreased with age. SES had no effect on food habits of the school-age children. These results could be useful in the School Feeding Program (PAE) and in nutrition education related to school population.
本研究的目的是调查来自智利首都大区的651名农村学龄儿童的代表性样本的饮食习惯，并在1986 - 1987年和1989年之间进行比较研究。饮食习惯被定义为食物的消费频率，以每周的天数表示，通过研究人员向学龄儿童发放的问卷来确定，并与智利卫生部制定的标准摄入量进行比较。社会经济地位（SES）通过格拉法尔改良法进行衡量。统计程序包括方差分析和用于均值比较的学生“t”检验。与1986 - 1987年相比，1989年大多数食物的消费频率下降。大多数消费的食物（超过90%）是面包和土豆，70 - 75%的学龄儿童食用牛奶、肉类、酸奶、家禽、鸡蛋、豆类、洋葱、卷心菜、南瓜、生菜、香蕉、橙子、苹果、葡萄、饼干、意大利面、米饭、油、黄油、碳酸饮料和果汁、糖果、糖和巧克力。最不喜欢的食物是新鲜奶酪（69.3%）、萝卜（62.2%）、贝类（59.4%）和鹰嘴豆（48.8%）。男性食用豆类、鹰嘴豆（p < 0.05）、小扁豆和瑞士甜菜（p < 0.01）的频率显著高于女性，但后者食用苹果、饼干、油（p < 0.05）、洋葱和糖果（p < 0.01）的频率显著高于男性。大多数食物的消费频率，尤其是牛奶、鱼类和面包（p < 0.01）随年龄增长而下降。社会经济地位对学龄儿童的饮食习惯没有影响。这些结果可能对学校供餐计划（PAE）以及与学校人群相关的营养教育有用。
