Fowler M G, Mofenson L
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1997 Jun;421:97-103. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb18329.x.
The findings of a recent human immunodeficiency (HIV-1) prevention trial in the USA demonstrated that administration of an antiretroviral drug, zidovudine, to mothers during the prenatal and intrapartum periods, and to their neonates for 6 weeks, resulted in a two-thirds reduction in risk of perinatal transmission from 25.5% to 8.3%. These results were rapidly disseminated both in the USA and internationally. Since the release of these clinical trial results in the spring of 1994, several observational studies have documented a sharp increase in maternal and neonatal zidovudine use, as well as a significant decrease in perinatal HIV-1 transmission, with rates of about 8% being observed in non-clinical trial settings. Internationally, the results have led to the development of a variety of perinatal prevention trials that build on the success of the U.S. perinatal prevention trial but use modified strategies that can feasibly be carried out in developing countries.
美国近期一项人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）预防试验的结果表明，在产前和产时给母亲服用抗逆转录病毒药物齐多夫定，并给其新生儿服用6周，可使围产期传播风险降低三分之二，从25.5%降至8.3%。这些结果在美国和国际上迅速传播。自1994年春季公布这些临床试验结果以来，多项观察性研究记录了母亲和新生儿使用齐多夫定的情况急剧增加，以及围产期HIV-1传播显著减少，在非临床试验环境中观察到的传播率约为8%。在国际上，这些结果促使开展了各种围产期预防试验，这些试验借鉴了美国围产期预防试验的成功经验，但采用了可在发展中国家切实可行地实施的改良策略。
