Schläfke M E
Abteilung für angewandte Physiologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
Pneumologie. 1997 Apr;51 Suppl 2:398-402.
The respiratory control system guarantees acid-base-homeostasis as well as the rhythmic activities of the respiratory motor system in accordance with exercise and behavioural programmes of the human being. Cortical patterns and synchronized respiratory patterns with tracheal flow and pressure variations in the fetus indicate the common network of respiration and sleep-wake mechanisms in an early stage already. During fetal life acid-base-homeostasis is dependent on progesterone controlled mechanisms. CO2 partial pressure of the uterine artery reduces to 32 mmHg. The O2 Partial pressure of the umbilical vein is 25-30 mmHg only. The raise of PCO2 during delivery is accompanied by a shower of sensory input to the reticular formation causing arousal and the opening of the lungs. The continuation of postnatal breathing is the consequence of the integration of the central chemosensitive mechanism and the reticular activating system at an adequate threshold. Perinatal defense reflexes, functional patterns and strategies in early life may outline later pathophysiological mechanisms for sleep apnea, apparently life threatening event (ALTE), sudden infant death, and congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.
呼吸控制系统确保酸碱平衡以及呼吸运动系统与人类运动和行为程序相适应的节律性活动。胎儿的皮质模式以及与气管流量和压力变化同步的呼吸模式表明，呼吸和睡眠-觉醒机制在早期就已存在共同的神经网络。在胎儿期，酸碱平衡依赖于孕酮控制的机制。子宫动脉的二氧化碳分压降至32 mmHg。脐静脉的氧分压仅为25 - 30 mmHg。分娩过程中二氧化碳分压的升高伴随着大量感觉输入至网状结构，从而引起觉醒并使肺部张开。出生后呼吸的持续是中枢化学敏感机制和网状激活系统在适当阈值下整合的结果。围产期的防御反射、早期生活中的功能模式和策略可能勾勒出日后睡眠呼吸暂停、明显危及生命事件（ALTE）、婴儿猝死和先天性中枢性低通气综合征的病理生理机制。
