Bolognini M, Plancherel B, Bettschart W, Halfon O
Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, 25A rue du Bugnon, Lausanne, CH-1005, Switzerland
J Adolesc. 1996 Jun;19(3):233-45. doi: 10.1006/jado.1996.0022.
A longitudinal study of a general population (n=219; M age: 12, 13 and 14), was carried out between 1990 and 1993 over 3 years in Lausanne (Switzerland). Several questionnaires, validated in French, were used: Perceived Competence Scale, Social Support Appraisal and a questionnaire on mental health developed in our research Unit. We attempted to answer the following questions: Is there a global change in self-esteem during early adolescence? If so, does the way in which the young person perceives himself vary according to the social and relational environment? What are the differences between boys and girls in the development of self-esteem? What is the relation between self-esteem and mental health?As to the specific differences according to gender, results show that girls tend to have a poorer self-esteem than boys, whatever the domains taken into consideration. Differences are more significant with reference to appearance and athletic performance. As far as the development of self-esteem is concerned, there is no major change, notably when considering global perception. Results of a factor analysis underscore the fact that girls' self-esteem is more global and less differentiated by domain while boys separate the scholastic and behavioral part of their experience from the social. Global self-esteem has more influence on the level of depressive mood in girls than in boys.
1990年至1993年期间，在瑞士洛桑对219名普通人群（年龄分别为12岁、13岁和14岁）进行了为期3年的纵向研究。使用了几份经法语验证的问卷：自我感知能力量表、社会支持评估量表以及我们研究单位编制的一份心理健康问卷。我们试图回答以下问题：青春期早期自尊是否存在总体变化？如果是，年轻人对自己的认知方式是否会因社会和人际关系环境而有所不同？男孩和女孩在自尊发展方面有哪些差异？自尊与心理健康之间有什么关系？关于按性别划分的具体差异，结果表明，无论考虑哪个领域，女孩的自尊往往比男孩差。在外表和运动表现方面差异更为显著。就自尊发展而言，没有重大变化，尤其是在考虑总体认知时。因子分析结果强调了这样一个事实，即女孩的自尊更具整体性，按领域划分的差异较小，而男孩则将学业和行为方面的经历与社交方面区分开来。总体自尊对女孩抑郁情绪水平的影响比对男孩更大。
