Engelborghs S, De Deyn P P
Department of Neurology, A.Z. Middelheim, Antwerp.
Acta Neurol Belg. 1997 Jun;97(2):67-84.
This paper gives a review of the neurochemical alterations that characterize Alzheimer's disease. The quantitative distribution of each compound or group of compounds over the central nervous system and their concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as receptor interactions and densities are discussed. Where possible, these neurochemical alterations are correlated with cognitive and noncognitive symptoms. A degeneration of the cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert characterizes Alzheimer's disease and results in neocortical cholinergic deficits correlating with cognitive impairment. Catecholaminergic changes include prominent cell loss of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus leading to decreased norepinephrine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and several cortical and subcortical areas. Modest, but identical trends are reported for epinephrine and dopamine. The former alterations are correlated with depression and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease. The serotonergic nucleus raphe dorsalis shows evidence of degeneration, causing a decreased serotonin content of the neocortex and the cerebrospinal fluid, which is correlated with both cognitive and noncognitive symptomatology. Several-often less understood-changes of amino acids and neuropeptides will be reviewed. Finally, the neurochemical aspects of cytokine-mediated inflammatory reactions and of oxidative stress in the physiopathology of Alzheimer's disease are reviewed.
本文综述了阿尔茨海默病的神经化学改变。文中讨论了每种化合物或化合物组在中枢神经系统中的定量分布及其在脑脊液中的浓度，以及受体相互作用和密度。在可能的情况下，这些神经化学改变与认知和非认知症状相关联。Meynert基底核胆碱能神经元的退化是阿尔茨海默病的特征，导致新皮质胆碱能缺陷与认知障碍相关。儿茶酚胺能变化包括去甲肾上腺素能蓝斑核显著的细胞丢失，导致脑脊液以及几个皮质和皮质下区域的去甲肾上腺素浓度降低。肾上腺素和多巴胺也有适度但相同的变化趋势。前者的改变与阿尔茨海默病中的抑郁和精神病相关。5-羟色胺能背侧中缝核显示出退化迹象，导致新皮质和脑脊液中的5-羟色胺含量降低，这与认知和非认知症状学均相关。将对几种通常了解较少的氨基酸和神经肽变化进行综述。最后，综述了细胞因子介导的炎症反应和氧化应激在阿尔茨海默病生理病理学中的神经化学方面。
