Desmasures N, Bazin F, Guéguen M
Laboratoire de Microbiologie Allmentaire, Université de Caen, France.
J Appl Microbiol. 1997 Jul;83(1):53-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00166.x.
Raw milk from 27 farms was sampled over 6 months for listerias, salmonellas, Yersinia enterocolitica and campylobacters. Total bacterial counts and somatic cell counts were measured. Lactococci, lactobacilli, dextran-producing leuconostocs, Brevibacterium linens, yeasts and moulds, Staphylococcus aureus and other Micrococcaceae, Pseudomonas, coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens and spores of anaerobic lactate-fermenting bacteria were also counted. Pseudomonas (2000 cfu ml-1), lactococci (760 cfu ml-1) and Micrococcaceae (720 cfu ml-1) were the most numerous groups. Lactic acid bacteria were detected in all samples. Coliforms were present in most samples, but 84% of samples had counts < 100 cfu ml-1. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 62% of milks, the average count was 410 cfu ml-1. About 80% of supplies had < or = 10 E. coli cfu ml-1 and all samples had < or = 1 Cl. perfringens cfu ml-1. Two of the tested milks were positive for salmonellas (2.9%), four were positive for Listeria monocytogenes (5.8%), 25 for Yersinia enterocolitica (36%) and one for campylobacters (1.4%).
在6个月的时间里，从27个农场采集了生牛奶样本，检测其中的李斯特菌、沙门氏菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌和弯曲杆菌。测量了总细菌数和体细胞数。还对乳酸球菌、乳酸杆菌、产右旋糖酐的明串珠菌、亚麻短杆菌、酵母和霉菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和其他微球菌科、假单胞菌、大肠菌群、大肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌以及厌氧乳酸发酵细菌的孢子进行了计数。假单胞菌（2000 cfu/ml）、乳酸球菌（760 cfu/ml）和微球菌科（720 cfu/ml）是数量最多的菌群。所有样本中均检测到乳酸菌。大多数样本中存在大肠菌群，但84%的样本计数<100 cfu/ml。62%的牛奶中检测到金黄色葡萄球菌，平均计数为410 cfu/ml。约80%的供应品大肠杆菌计数≤10 cfu/ml，所有样本产气荚膜梭菌计数≤1 cfu/ml。检测的牛奶中有两份沙门氏菌呈阳性（2.9%），四份单核细胞增生李斯特菌呈阳性（5.8%），25份小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌呈阳性（36%），一份弯曲杆菌呈阳性（1.4%）。
