Foxx R M
J Appl Behav Anal. 1977 Fall;10(3):489-99. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-489.
A crucial first step in teaching and training the retarded and autistic is to develop and maintain eye contact with the therapist. Functional movement training (an overcorrection procedure) plus edibles and praise were compared with edibles and praise alone as a method of developing eye contact in three such children. In both conditions, the child was given food and praise when eye contact occurred within 5 sec of the therapist's verbal prompt: "Look at me." Functional movement training avoidance plus edibles and praise produced about 90% attention for the three children, while edibles and praise alone were less effective (eye contact never exceeded 55%). Functional movement training avoidance combined with edibles and praise appears to be an effective method of teaching eye contact and possibly other forms of instruction-following to behaviorally disordered children who are not always responsive to positive consequences.
对智障和自闭症患者进行教学与训练的关键第一步，是与治疗师建立并保持眼神交流。将功能性运动训练（一种过度矫正程序）加上食物奖励和表扬，与单纯的食物奖励和表扬相比较，以此作为在三名此类儿童中培养眼神交流的一种方法。在两种情况下，当孩子在治疗师说出“看着我”的口头提示后5秒内出现眼神交流时，都会给予食物和表扬。功能性运动训练回避加上食物奖励和表扬，使这三名儿童产生了约90%的注意力，而单纯的食物奖励和表扬效果较差（眼神交流从未超过55%）。功能性运动训练回避与食物奖励和表扬相结合，似乎是一种有效的方法，可用于教导行为紊乱的儿童进行眼神交流，以及可能的其他形式的听从指令行为，这些儿童对积极后果并不总是有反应。
