Chandra R K
Department of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Aug;66(2):460S-463S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/66.2.460S.
Nutrition is a critical determinant of immune responses and malnutrition the most common cause of immunodeficiency worldwide. Protein-energy malnutrition is associated with a significant impairment of cell-mediated immunity, phagocyte function, complement system, secretory immunoglobulin A antibody concentrations, and cytokine production. Deficiency of single nutrients also results in altered immune responses: this is observed even when the deficiency state is relatively mild. Of the micronutrients, zinc; selenium; iron; copper; vitamins A, C, E, and B-6; and folic acid have important influences on immune responses. Overnutrition and obesity also reduce immunity. Low-birth-weight infants have a prolonged impairment of cell-mediated immunity that can be partly restored by providing extra amounts of dietary zinc. In the elderly, impaired immunity can be enhanced by modest amounts of a combination of micronutrients. These findings have considerable practical and public health significance.
营养是免疫反应的关键决定因素，而营养不良是全球免疫缺陷最常见的原因。蛋白质 - 能量营养不良与细胞介导免疫、吞噬细胞功能、补体系统、分泌型免疫球蛋白A抗体浓度以及细胞因子产生的显著受损有关。单一营养素的缺乏也会导致免疫反应改变：即使缺乏状态相对较轻，也会观察到这种情况。在微量营养素中，锌、硒、铁、铜、维生素A、C、E、B - 6以及叶酸对免疫反应有重要影响。营养过剩和肥胖也会降低免疫力。低体重婴儿的细胞介导免疫会长期受损，通过提供额外的膳食锌可以部分恢复。在老年人中，适量补充多种微量营养素组合可以增强受损的免疫力。这些发现具有相当大的实践和公共卫生意义。
