Vasquez E C, Meyrelles S S, Mauad H, Cabral A M
Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.
Braz J Med Biol Res. 1997 Apr;30(4):521-32. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x1997000400014.
The maintenance of arterial pressure at levels adequate to perfuse the tissues is a basic requirement for the constancy of the internal environment and survival. The objective of the present review was to provide information about the basic reflex mechanisms that are responsible for the moment-to-moment regulation of the cardiovascular system. We demonstrate that this control is largely provided by the action of arterial and non-arterial reflexes that detect and correct changes in arterial pressure (baroreflex), blood volume or chemical composition (mechano- and chemosensitive cardiopulmonary reflexes), and changes in blood-gas composition (chemoreceptor reflex). The importance of the integration of these cardiovascular reflexes is well understood and it is clear that processing mainly occurs in the nucleus tractus solitarii, although the mechanism is poorly understood. There are several indications that the interactions of baroreflex, chemoreflex and Bezold-Jarisch reflex inputs, and the central nervous system control the activity of autonomic preganglionic neurons through parallel afferent and efferent pathways to achieve cardiovascular homeostasis. It is surprising that so little appears in the literature about the integration of these neural reflexes in cardiovascular function. Thus, our purpose was to review the interplay between peripheral neural reflex mechanisms of arterial blood pressure and blood volume regulation in physiological and pathophysiological states. Special emphasis is placed on the experimental model of arterial hypertension induced by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in which the interplay of these three reflexes is demonstrable.
将动脉血压维持在足以灌注组织的水平是内环境稳定和生存的基本要求。本综述的目的是提供有关负责心血管系统瞬间调节的基本反射机制的信息。我们证明，这种控制很大程度上是由动脉和非动脉反射的作用提供的，这些反射检测并纠正动脉血压变化（压力感受器反射）、血容量或化学成分变化（机械和化学敏感心肺反射）以及血气成分变化（化学感受器反射）。这些心血管反射整合的重要性已得到充分理解，虽然其机制尚不清楚，但很明显处理主要发生在孤束核。有几个迹象表明，压力感受器反射、化学感受器反射和贝佐尔德-雅里什反射输入之间的相互作用以及中枢神经系统通过平行的传入和传出途径控制自主神经节前神经元的活动，以实现心血管稳态。令人惊讶的是，关于这些神经反射在心血管功能中的整合，文献中出现的内容如此之少。因此，我们的目的是综述生理和病理生理状态下动脉血压和血容量调节的外周神经反射机制之间的相互作用。特别强调由N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯（L-NAME）诱导的动脉高血压实验模型，在该模型中这三种反射的相互作用是可证明的。
