Tapper V J
University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, USA.
Nurse Pract. 1997 Jul;22(7):76-8, 80, 85 passim.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressing neurologic movement disorder affecting nearly 1% of the population over age 65. PD is the fourth most common neurodegenerative disease of patients. Incidence is greater in men with a ratio of 3:2--men to women. Because PD is so complex, diagnosis and treatment are often very challenging. While the cause of PD is unknown, research has concentrated on genetics, exogenous toxins, and endogenous toxins from cellular oxidative reactions. The presenting symptoms of a patient with PD include muscle rigidity, tremors, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Treatment for PD has been primarily pharmacologic: levodopa, carbidopa, anticholinergics, and selegiline (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor to reestablish an equilibrium between dopamine and acetylcholine). surgical procedures (e.g., pallidotomy, thalamotomy, and tissue implants) are a possible choice of treatment for patients who have failed to respond satisfactorily to drugs.
帕金森病（PD）是一种进展缓慢的神经运动障碍疾病，影响着近1%的65岁以上人群。帕金森病是患者中第四常见的神经退行性疾病。男性发病率更高，男女比例为3:2。由于帕金森病非常复杂，诊断和治疗往往极具挑战性。虽然帕金森病的病因尚不清楚，但研究主要集中在遗传学、外源性毒素以及细胞氧化反应产生的内源性毒素上。帕金森病患者的典型症状包括肌肉僵硬、震颤、运动迟缓以及姿势不稳。帕金森病的治疗主要是药物治疗：左旋多巴、卡比多巴、抗胆碱能药物以及司来吉兰（一种单胺氧化酶抑制剂，用于重建多巴胺和乙酰胆碱之间的平衡）。对于药物治疗效果不佳的患者，手术治疗（如苍白球切开术、丘脑切开术和组织植入）是一种可能的治疗选择。
