Gasquoine P G
South Texas Neuropsychology, Corpus Christi 78411, USA.
Neuropsychol Rev. 1997 Jun;7(2):77-85. doi: 10.1023/b:nerv.0000005945.58251.c0.
Research pertaining to the self-report of symptoms after traumatic brain injury was reviewed. Cognitive, emotional, and motivational factors have more relevance than demographic (except for female sex) and personality factors. Specific neuropsychological deficits in attention and memory have been found in the early stages after head injury of even mild severity. This is unlikely to be the only factor affecting symptom persistence. Exaggeration of cognitive dysfunction occurs in some cases, but appears unrelated to symptom overreport. Increased emotional distress typically accompanies symptom persistence. The psychological reaction of preoccupation with symptoms and emotional distress is not unique to concussion, but also occurs after severe head injury and back injury and relates more to the personal interpretation of the effect of the trauma than to objective indicators of brain injury severity.
回顾了有关创伤性脑损伤后症状自我报告的研究。认知、情感和动机因素比人口统计学因素（女性除外）和人格因素更具相关性。即使是轻度颅脑损伤后的早期阶段，也发现了注意力和记忆力方面特定的神经心理学缺陷。这不太可能是影响症状持续存在的唯一因素。在某些情况下会出现认知功能障碍的夸大，但这似乎与症状过度报告无关。症状持续存在通常伴随着情绪困扰加剧。对症状和情绪困扰的过度关注这种心理反应并非脑震荡所特有，在重度颅脑损伤和背部损伤后也会出现，并且更多地与对创伤影响的个人解读有关，而非与脑损伤严重程度的客观指标有关。
