Tri-Tugaswati A, Yasuo K
Health Ecology Research Center, Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1996 Dec;27(4):792-800.
In 1994, 16,187 junior high school students were surveyed in Jakarta and surrounding cities, Indonesia, to study the effect of air pollution on respiratory illnesses. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was measured by the filter badge developed by Yanagisawa and Nishimura as a measure of air pollution. The average concentration of NO2 is the highest in central Jakarta and Tangerang (22-30 ppb), the lowest in rural areas (5-11 ppb), and in other cities, 11-20 ppb. Self-administered questionnaires were given to the students in 29 schools to obtain respiratory symptoms of cough, phlegm and wheeze. A significant relationship was found in this study between NO2 exposure levels and prevalence rates of cough, phlegm, and wheezing without cold, which were 27.7 to 38.7%, 15.0 to 21.9%, and 1.4 to 2.9%, respectively. Prevalence rates of persistent cough and persistent phlegm were 7.3 to 10.8% and 4.5 to 5.0% respectively. These rates were higher than those found by other researchers. This difference may be partly due to the survey methods. The more polluted, the higher the prevalence rate of respiratory symptoms.
1994年，在印度尼西亚雅加达及其周边城市对16187名初中生进行了调查，以研究空气污染对呼吸道疾病的影响。二氧化氮（NO₂）通过柳泽和西村开发的滤膜徽章进行测量，作为空气污染的一种度量。二氧化氮的平均浓度在雅加达市中心和坦格朗最高（22 - 30 ppb），在农村地区最低（5 - 11 ppb），在其他城市为11 - 20 ppb。向29所学校的学生发放了自行填写的问卷，以获取咳嗽、咳痰和喘息等呼吸道症状。本研究发现，二氧化氮暴露水平与无感冒时咳嗽、咳痰和喘息的患病率之间存在显著关系，患病率分别为27.7%至38.7%、15.0%至21.9%和1.4%至2.9%。持续性咳嗽和持续性咳痰的患病率分别为7.3%至10.8%和4.5%至5.0%。这些比率高于其他研究人员发现的比率。这种差异可能部分归因于调查方法。污染越严重，呼吸道症状的患病率越高。
