Weston A, Godbold J H
Environmental Health Sciences Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Jun;105 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):919-26. doi: 10.1289/ehp.97105s4919.
Certain polymorphic variants of H-ras-1 and p53 have been investigated for an association between inheritance and cancer risk. The results of a metaanalysis, which reviews studies of H-ras-1 rare alleles and p53 codon 72 allelic variants in breast and lung cancer, are presented. The data constituted evidence for elevated risk of both breast and lung cancer with inheritance of rare H-ras-1 alleles. Calculated population attributable risks are 0.092 and 0.037 for breast and lung cancer, respectively. The frequency of the rare H-ras-1 alleles was observed to be greater in African Americans than in Caucasians, and a specific allele (A3.5) that is common in African Americans was found only at low frequency in Caucasians. For p53 a consensus has yet to be reached. Lung cancer studies conducted in Caucasian and African-American populations have found no evidence of risk associated with the proline variant of codon 72. Two similar studies conducted in Japanese populations suggested an association between p53 genotype distribution and lung cancer risk. However, one implicates the proline allele but the other implicates the arginine allele. The frequency of the proline variant is significantly dependent on race. Frequencies have been reported for control populations of Japanese (0.347 and 0.401), Caucasian (0.295, 0.284, and 0.214), African American (0.628 and 0.527), and Mexican American (0.263).
已经对H-ras-1和p53的某些多态性变体进行了研究，以探讨遗传与癌症风险之间的关联。本文呈现了一项荟萃分析的结果，该分析回顾了乳腺癌和肺癌中H-ras-1稀有等位基因和p53密码子72等位基因变体的研究。数据表明，遗传稀有H-ras-1等位基因会增加患乳腺癌和肺癌的风险。计算得出的人群归因风险在乳腺癌和肺癌中分别为0.092和0.037。观察到非洲裔美国人中稀有H-ras-1等位基因的频率高于白种人，并且在非洲裔美国人中常见的一个特定等位基因（A3.5）在白种人中仅以低频率出现。对于p53，尚未达成共识。在白种人和非洲裔美国人人群中进行的肺癌研究未发现与密码子72脯氨酸变体相关的风险证据。在日本人群中进行的两项类似研究表明p53基因型分布与肺癌风险之间存在关联。然而，一项研究表明与脯氨酸等位基因有关，而另一项研究表明与精氨酸等位基因有关。脯氨酸变体的频率显著依赖于种族。已报道了日本对照人群（0.347和0.401）、白种人对照人群（0.295、0.284和0.214）、非洲裔美国人对照人群（0.628和0.527）以及墨西哥裔美国人对照人群（0.263）的频率。
