Reidenbach M M
Department of Anatomy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany.
Acta Anat (Basel). 1996;157(4):330-8. doi: 10.1159/000147896.
The inferior border of the thyroid cartilage and the superior rim of the cricoid arch are connected by the cricothyroid membrane and partly covered by the cricothyroid muscles ventrally. This region has been termed the cricothyroid space (CS) and is important with regard to surgical procedures, the spread of laryngeal cancer and traumatic lesions of the larynx. The precise topographic relations of the CS were investigated in plastinated serial sections of 21 normal adult human specimens. The CS consists of a caudal and a cranial portion, which are different with regard to their cartilaginous framework and their relationship to intralaryngeal structures. The caudal portion is bordered by the cricoid cartilage and reveals a complete separation of extra- and intralaryngeal regions by the cricothyroid membrane. It provides an easy access to the subglottic airways. The cranial portion of the CS is mainly bordered by the thyroid cartilage. It is characterized by a gap lateral to the median cricothyroid ligament. This allows a connection of extra- and intralaryngeal adipose tissue. There, extralaryngeal extension of laryngeal cancer preferentially occurs. Traumatic subglottic ruptures of the larynx involve both the caudal and cranial portions of the CS, which often results in extensive scar tissue formation.
甲状软骨的下缘与环状软骨弓的上缘通过环甲膜相连，且在腹侧部分被环甲肌覆盖。该区域被称为环甲间隙（CS），在外科手术、喉癌扩散及喉部创伤性病变方面具有重要意义。在21例正常成人标本的塑化连续切片中研究了CS的精确局部解剖关系。CS由尾侧部和头侧部组成，二者在软骨框架及其与喉内结构的关系方面有所不同。尾侧部以环状软骨为界，环甲膜使喉外区域和喉内区域完全分隔。它为声门下气道提供了便捷通道。CS的头侧部主要以甲状软骨为界。其特征是在环甲正中韧带外侧有一间隙。这使得喉外和喉内脂肪组织相连。喉癌在此处优先发生喉外扩展。喉部创伤性声门下破裂累及CS的尾侧部和头侧部，常导致广泛瘢痕组织形成。
