Nystad W, Magnus P, Røksund O, Svidal B, Hetlevik O
Department of Population Health Sciences, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1997 Feb;8(1):35-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.1997.tb00140.x.
The role of exposure to ambient air pollution has been a topic of interest as a potential risk factor for respiratory symptoms and asthma. We expected that the prevalence rates would vary in Norway between the capital, Oslo, the mountainous area Hallingdal and the industrial area Odda. Surveys were conducted in school children, aged 6-16 years, in; Oslo (n = 2577), Hallingdal (n = 1177) and Odda (n = 831). The parent-reported prevalence of wheeze in past year was almost similar in Oslo (13.1 (95% CI 11.7-14.5)) and Upper Hallingdal (14.2 (13.1-15.3)), but lower in Odda (9.0 (7.0-11.0)). The findings for severe respiratory symptoms were almost equal. The age patterns within each area differed. The risk of wheeze ever (p < 0.001) and wheeze in past year (p = 0.04) decreased with increasing age in Odda, while there was an increase in the risk of exercise induced wheeze in Oslo (p = 0.02) and Hallingdal (p < 0.001). The lifetime prevalence of asthma was lowest in Odda (5.4 (3.8-7.0)) compared to Oslo (9.4 (8.2-10.6)) and Hallingdal (8.5 (6.8-10.2)). There was a positive association between physical activity and wheeze in past year. The results do not support the hypothesis that respiratory morbidity is more common in urban than rural areas, age and physical activity can influence the prevalence rates of respiratory symptoms in school children.
暴露于环境空气污染中的作用一直是人们关注的话题，它是导致呼吸道症状和哮喘的潜在风险因素。我们预计挪威首都奥斯陆、山区哈灵达尔和工业区奥达的患病率会有所不同。对6至16岁的在校儿童进行了调查，地点分别是奥斯陆（n = 2577）、哈灵达尔（n = 1177）和奥达（n = 831）。过去一年中家长报告的喘息患病率在奥斯陆（13.1（95%可信区间11.7 - 14.5））和上哈灵达尔（14.2（13.1 - 15.3））几乎相似，但在奥达较低（9.0（7.0 - 11.0））。严重呼吸道症状的调查结果几乎相同。每个地区的年龄模式有所不同。在奥达，曾经喘息（p < 0.001）和过去一年喘息（p = 0.04）的风险随着年龄增长而降低，而在奥斯陆（p = 0.02）和哈灵达尔（p < 0.001），运动诱发喘息的风险增加。与奥斯陆（9.4（8.2 - 10.6））和哈灵达尔（8.5（6.8 - 10.2））相比，奥达的哮喘终生患病率最低（5.4（3.8 - 7.0））。过去一年中，身体活动与喘息之间存在正相关。结果不支持呼吸道疾病在城市比农村更常见的假设，年龄和身体活动会影响在校儿童呼吸道症状的患病率。
