Lee S, Tsao R, Peterson C, Coats J R
Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-3140, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 1997 Aug;90(4):883-92. doi: 10.1093/jee/90.4.883.
Acute toxicities of 34 naturally occurring monoterpenoids were evaluated against 3 important arthropod pest species; the larva of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte; the adult of the twospotted spider mite. Tetranychus urticae Koch; and the adult house fly. Musca domestica L. Potential larvicidal or acaricidal activities of each monoterpenoid were determined by topical application, leaf-dip method, soil bioassay, and greenhouse pot tests. Phytotoxicity was also tested on a corn plant. Citronellic acid and thymol were the most topically toxic against the house fly, and citronellol and thujone were the most effective on the western corn rootworm. Most of the monoterpenoids were lethal to the twospotted spider mite at high concentrations; carvomenthenol and terpinen-4-ol were especially effective. A wide range of monoterpenoids showed some larvicidal activity against the western corn rootworm in the soil bioassay. Perillaldehyde, the most toxic (LC50 = 3 micrograms/g) in soil, was only 1/3 as toxic as carbofuran, a commercial soil insecticide (LC50 = 1 microgram/g). Selected monoterpenoids also effectively protected corn roots from attack by the western corn rootworm larvae under greenhouse conditions. alpha-Terpineol was the best monoterpenoid in the greenhouse pot test. The acute toxicity of monoterpenoids was low relative to conventional insecticides. Some monoterpenoids were phytotoxic to corn roots and leaves. l-Carvone was the most phytotoxic, whereas pulegone was the safest. The results with thymyl ethyl ether, one of the synthetic derivatives of thymol, showed a potential of derivatization to reduce monoterpenoid phytotoxicity.
评估了34种天然存在的单萜类化合物对3种重要节肢动物害虫的急性毒性；西部玉米根虫的幼虫，即玉米根萤叶甲（Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte）；二斑叶螨的成虫，即二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae Koch）；以及家蝇的成虫，即家蝇（Musca domestica L.）。通过局部涂抹、浸叶法、土壤生物测定和温室盆栽试验来确定每种单萜类化合物的潜在杀幼虫或杀螨活性。还对玉米植株进行了植物毒性测试。香茅酸和百里香酚对家蝇的局部毒性最大，而香茅醇和侧柏酮对西部玉米根虫最有效。大多数单萜类化合物在高浓度下对二斑叶螨具有致死性；香芹薄荷醇和萜品-4-醇特别有效。在土壤生物测定中，多种单萜类化合物对西部玉米根虫表现出一定的杀幼虫活性。紫苏醛在土壤中毒性最大（LC50 = 3微克/克），但其毒性仅为商业土壤杀虫剂克百威（LC50 = 1微克/克）的三分之一。在温室条件下，选定的单萜类化合物也能有效保护玉米根免受西部玉米根虫幼虫的侵害。α-松油醇在温室盆栽试验中是最佳的单萜类化合物。相对于传统杀虫剂，单萜类化合物的急性毒性较低。一些单萜类化合物对玉米根和叶具有植物毒性。左旋香芹酮的植物毒性最大，而胡薄荷酮最安全。百里香酚的合成衍生物之一百里香酚乙醚的结果表明，衍生化有可能降低单萜类化合物的植物毒性。
