Sakashita R, Inoue M, Inoue N, Pan Q, Zhu H
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Dental School, Japan.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1997 Jul;103(3):401-8. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199707)103:3<401::AID-AJPA9>3.0.CO;2-S.
Seventy-one skulls from the Yin-Shang period tombs of Anyang, China, were examined for the incidence of observable dental diseases, including dental caries, alveolar bone resorption (an index of periodontal disease), ante-mortem tooth loss and tooth attrition. Because the remains were excavated from tombs with funerary items, the burials are believed to be of Anyang citizens. Our study indicates carious tooth frequency in the Yin-Shang period was rather low (2.9-4.0%). Periodontal disease frequency was 18.3-26.9%, and ante-mortem tooth loss frequency was 2.0-7.5%. To determine the relative prevalence of overall dental health in the Yin-Shang populations, observations from the 42 male crania were compared to those from 183 male crania of slaves from "sacrificial pits" from the Yin-Shang period (Inoue et al. [1992] J. Anthropol. Soc. Nippon 100:1-29). Results from this comparison indicate no apparent difference between social classes in younger age groups. However, in the older ages the rates of the ante-mortem tooth loss, periodontal disease and tooth attrition were significantly higher in the citizen sample. The findings would suggest dietary development in the Yin-Shang period was not dissimilar enough between social classes to induce clear differences in dental diseases at least at younger ages. Conversely, it appears there must have been significant differences between social classes diets in the earlier phase of the Yin-Shang period to produce the differences in dental disease present in the older samples.
对来自中国安阳殷商时期墓葬的71颗头骨进行了检查，以观察可发现的牙科疾病的发病率，包括龋齿、牙槽骨吸收（牙周病指标）、生前牙齿脱落和牙齿磨损。由于这些遗骸是从有随葬品的墓葬中挖掘出来的，因此这些墓葬被认为是安阳市民的。我们的研究表明，殷商时期龋齿的发病率相当低（2.9 - 4.0%）。牙周病发病率为18.3 - 26.9%，生前牙齿脱落率为2.0 - 7.5%。为了确定殷商人群总体牙齿健康的相对患病率，将42具男性颅骨的观察结果与殷商时期“祭祀坑”中183具男性奴隶颅骨的观察结果进行了比较（井上等人[1992年]《日本人类学协会杂志》100:1 - 29）。比较结果表明，在较年轻的年龄组中，社会阶层之间没有明显差异。然而，在年龄较大的人群中，市民样本的生前牙齿脱落、牙周病和牙齿磨损率明显更高。这些发现表明，殷商时期的饮食发展在社会阶层之间的差异不足以在至少较年轻的年龄阶段引起明显的牙科疾病差异。相反，在殷商时期的早期阶段，社会阶层的饮食之间似乎一定存在显著差异，从而导致了老年样本中出现的牙科疾病差异。
