Factors influencing phagocytic response of macrophages from the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.): an ultrastructural and quantitative study.

BACKGROUND

Although phagocytosis is considered the main nonspecific defense mechanism in fish, the significance of the influence of bacterial properties and assay conditions on this mechanism has not been established. We report the influence of leukocyte source, bacterial species, presence or absence of a bacterial wall, bacterial status (live or dead), and bacterial opsonization on in vitro phagocytosis by sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) macrophages.

METHODS

Leukocytes were challenged with bacteria under different conditions and ultrastructurally studied. The number of phagocytic macrophages and the number of bacteria ingested per macrophage were quantified by microscopical counting, and the data obtained were statistically analyzed following general linear models.

RESULTS

Macrophages from sea bass peritoneal exudate showed a greater capacity to engulf bacteria than did those isolated from blood, which, in turn, had greater engulfment properties than did those isolated from head-kidney. Greater phagocytic activity was observed in the assays carried out with Escherichia coli than in those carried out with Salmonella typhimurium, especially when the TA1950 S. typhimurium strain (with wall) was used. Macrophages showed greater phagocytic activity against live bacteria. Bacterial opsonization had a variable effect on phagocytosis. Sea bass macrophages did not always ingest the same number of bacteria.

CONCLUSIONS

Sea bass macrophages have strong bacterial phagocytic activity. Significant differences were found that had been influenced by bacterial properties as well as by assay conditions. Positive correlation between the number of phagocytic macrophages and the number of bacteria ingested per phagocyte was observed.