Lütticken D
Intervet International B. V., AA Boxmeer, The Netherlands.
Acta Vet Hung. 1997;45(3):239-49.
Viral infections which are immunosuppressive can affect the economics of poultry production, often as a result of the chicken's increased susceptibility to secondary infections and sub-optimal response to vaccinations. The mechanism of this immunosuppression has been studied in detail for certain chicken viruses. The replicating virus can have both direct and indirect effects on the cells of the immune system. The special role of the bursa of Fabricius, as a lympho-epithelial organ, will be mentioned. The effects of oncogenic viruses (MDV, REV and ALV) on the immune system will be discussed as will the present status of our knowledge on the immunosuppressive effects of certain respiratory viruses such as ILT, NDV and reovirus. Two major immunosuppressive agents are CAV and IBDV. The effects of IBDV will be described in more detail because of its economic importance. Advances made in the molecular biology of both the virus and the immune system give new opportunities to control the disease by vaccination. Successful vaccination strategies applied in the past and options for the future will be discussed.
具有免疫抑制作用的病毒感染会影响家禽生产的经济效益，这通常是由于鸡对继发感染的易感性增加以及对疫苗接种的反应不理想所致。对于某些鸡病毒，这种免疫抑制的机制已得到详细研究。正在复制的病毒可对免疫系统的细胞产生直接和间接影响。法氏囊作为一个淋巴上皮器官的特殊作用也将被提及。致癌病毒（马立克氏病病毒、禽网状内皮组织增殖症病毒和禽白血病病毒）对免疫系统的影响以及我们对某些呼吸道病毒（如传染性喉气管炎病毒、新城疫病毒和呼肠孤病毒）免疫抑制作用的现有认识也将进行讨论。两种主要的免疫抑制剂是鸡贫血病毒和传染性法氏囊病病毒。由于传染性法氏囊病病毒的经济重要性，将更详细地描述其影响。病毒和免疫系统分子生物学方面取得的进展为通过疫苗接种控制该疾病提供了新的机会。将讨论过去应用的成功疫苗接种策略以及未来的选择。
