Peters D K, Range L M
Department of Psychology, University of Southern mississippi, Hattiesburg 39406-5025, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 1995 Mar;19(3):335-41. doi: 10.1016/s0145-2134(94)00133-2.
In previous research, adults who reported childhood sexual abuse have been more suicidal than nonabused adults, but no research has examined their cognitive deterrents to suicide. Strict definitions of sexual abuse in these studies have excluded (a) unwanted sexual experiences with peers, and (b) exploitive experiences not involving genital contact (i.e., unwanted sexual invitations or suggestions, unwanted exposure to others' genitals via exhibitionism, unwanted kissing or hugging in a sexual way). The present study compared suicidal behavior and cognitive deterrents to suicide in 266 college students using both a strict and a liberal definition of sexual abuse. Both women and men abused by adults or peers were more suicidal as adult college students than were women and men with no such history. Women reported similar degrees of suicidality as men, but greater survival and coping beliefs and more fear of suicide. Those whose sexual abuse involved touching were more suicidal, and felt less able to cope, and less responsibility for their families, than nonabused adults. Implications are that adults who experienced childhood sexual abuse that involved touching are more suicidal and have less cognitive deterrents to suicide than adults who have not, regardless of whether they are men or women or whether they were abused by adults or by peers.
在先前的研究中，报告童年期遭受性虐待的成年人比未受虐待的成年人更易产生自杀倾向，但尚无研究考察过他们对自杀的认知阻碍因素。这些研究中对性虐待的严格定义排除了以下两种情况：（a）与同龄人发生的非自愿性经历，以及（b）不涉及生殖器接触的剥削性经历（即非自愿的性邀请或暗示、通过暴露癖非自愿地暴露于他人生殖器、非自愿的带有性意味的亲吻或拥抱）。本研究使用对性虐待的严格定义和宽松定义，比较了266名大学生的自杀行为和对自杀的认知阻碍因素。成年后，曾遭受成年人或同龄人虐待的男女大学生比没有此类经历的男女大学生更易产生自杀倾向。女性报告的自杀倾向程度与男性相似，但具有更强的生存和应对信念，且对自杀更为恐惧。那些性虐待涉及身体接触的人比未受虐待的成年人更易产生自杀倾向，感觉应对能力更差，对家庭的责任感也更低。这意味着，童年期遭受涉及身体接触的性虐待的成年人比未遭受此类虐待的成年人更易产生自杀倾向，且对自杀的认知阻碍因素更少，无论他们是男性还是女性，也无论他们是遭受成年人还是同龄人的虐待。
