Brady W J, Luber S, Joyce T P
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA.
J Emerg Med. 1997 Jul-Aug;15(4):477-81. doi: 10.1016/s0736-4679(97)00076-0.
Anaphylaxis, a multisystem allergic reaction, represents a true medical emergency. Anaphylaxis is characterized by a combination of the following symptoms: urticaria, angioedema, distributive shock, and respiratory failure. Most often, the patient is rapidly treated with prompt resolution of the anaphylaxis in either the out-of-hospital or emergency department (ED) setting. Infrequently, recurrent or multiphasic anaphylaxis is encountered, involving a reappearance of allergic phenomena after complete resolution of the original reaction. Recurrence may involve nuisance-level issues such as urticaria; alternatively, multiphasic reactions may be characterized by cardiovascular collapse or respiratory compromise. Initially aggressive pharmacological therapy followed by prolonged observation in either the ED or the in-hospital setting is strongly recommended to monitor for potential recurrence.
过敏反应是一种多系统过敏反应，是真正的医疗急症。过敏反应的特征是以下症状的组合：荨麻疹、血管性水肿、分布性休克和呼吸衰竭。大多数情况下，患者在院外或急诊科能迅速得到治疗，过敏反应也能迅速缓解。但偶尔会遇到复发性或多相性过敏反应，即在最初反应完全缓解后过敏现象再次出现。复发可能涉及如荨麻疹等轻微问题；或者，多相反应可能以心血管衰竭或呼吸功能不全为特征。强烈建议最初进行积极的药物治疗，然后在急诊科或住院环境中进行长时间观察，以监测潜在的复发情况。
