Kerber C W, Hecht S T, Knox K
Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, Medical Center, 92103, USA.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1997 Aug;18(7):1229-32.
To develop an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) model for teaching embolization techniques and for researching and developing new interventional devices.
Open pore cellulose sponges 2 to 5 cm in diameter were coated with a watertight elastomer. One to three afferent tubes (arteries) and one large efferent tube (vein) allowed insertion of the model into a circuit of pulsatile, flowing, non-Newtonian fluid. Using fluoroscopy and angiographic imaging, five neuroradiologists practiced occluding the AVM nidus with a variety of techniques and cyanoacrylate mixtures.
The model appeared and behaved like a human brain AVM. Attempts to teach liquid adhesive techniques were successful, and though they were stressful for the trainee, failure had none of the disastrous sequelae that attend training with human subjects.
The AVM training and research model is of value in introducing physicians to the techniques needed for endovascular cyanoacrylate therapy: it allows users to develop skills at their own rates, and permits safe "failure-mode" learning.
开发一种动静脉畸形（AVM）模型，用于栓塞技术教学以及新介入装置的研发。
将直径2至5厘米的开孔纤维素海绵用防水弹性体包裹。一至三根输入管（动脉）和一根大的输出管（静脉）使模型能够插入脉动、流动的非牛顿流体回路中。利用荧光透视和血管造影成像，五名神经放射科医生练习使用多种技术和氰基丙烯酸酯混合物闭塞AVM病灶。
该模型的外观和行为与人类脑动静脉畸形相似。液体粘合剂技术教学尝试取得成功，尽管对学员来说压力较大，但失败不会带来人体受试者培训中出现的灾难性后果。
AVM训练和研究模型对于向医生介绍氰基丙烯酸酯血管内治疗所需技术具有重要价值：它允许使用者按照自己的节奏培养技能，并实现安全的“失败模式”学习。
