Tucker L A, Seljaas G T, Hager R L
Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1997 Sep;97(9):981-6. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00237-X.
To ascertain the association between diet composition and body fat percentage in 9- and 10-year-old children. Also, to examine the influence of gender, total energy intake, fitness, physical activity, and parental body mass on the relationship between diet composition and adiposity.
Diet composition was assessed using the National Cancer Institute food frequency questionnaire, and adiposity was measured using the average of results determined using two skinfold equations. Fitness levels and physical activity were ascertained using the 1-mile run/walk test and a self-report 15-item scale, respectively.
A sample of 262 children (162 boys and 100 girls, mean age = 9.8 +/- 0.5 years) participated.
Regression analysis was used to determine the extent to which diet composition contributed to adiposity without statistical control for any potentially confounding variables. Partial correlations were calculated to assess the relationship between macronutrient intake and adiposity after potential confounders (gender, total energy intake, physical fitness, and parental body mass) were controlled statistically.
Energy intake was positively related to adiposity. Fat intake, calculated as a percentage of total energy, was also positively related to adiposity, before and after control for potential confounding variables. Percentage of energy derived from carbohydrate was inversely related to adiposity, before and after controlling for potential confounders.
These findings indicate that the macronutrient intake of children, particularly dietary fat and carbohydrate intake, may play a role in adiposity, independent of the influence of total energy intake, gender, physical fitness, and parental body mass index.
确定9至10岁儿童的饮食组成与体脂百分比之间的关联。此外，研究性别、总能量摄入、健康状况、身体活动以及父母体重对饮食组成与肥胖之间关系的影响。
使用美国国立癌症研究所食物频率问卷评估饮食组成，使用两个皮褶厚度公式得出的结果的平均值测量肥胖程度。分别使用1英里跑/走测试和一份15项自我报告量表确定健康水平和身体活动情况。
262名儿童（162名男孩和100名女孩，平均年龄=9.8±0.5岁）参与了研究。
在未对任何潜在混杂变量进行统计控制的情况下，使用回归分析确定饮食组成对肥胖的影响程度。在对潜在混杂因素（性别、总能量摄入、身体健康状况和父母体重）进行统计控制后，计算偏相关系数以评估宏量营养素摄入量与肥胖之间的关系。
能量摄入与肥胖呈正相关。以总能量的百分比计算的脂肪摄入量，在控制潜在混杂变量前后，也与肥胖呈正相关。来自碳水化合物的能量百分比在控制潜在混杂因素前后均与肥胖呈负相关。
这些研究结果表明，儿童的宏量营养素摄入量，尤其是膳食脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量，可能在肥胖中起作用，独立于总能量摄入、性别、身体健康状况和父母体重指数的影响。
