Hartmann B
Population and Development Program, Hampshire College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
Int J Health Serv. 1997;27(3):541-57. doi: 10.2190/HKGJ-1YMY-Q3JW-96LU.
Although population assistance represents a relatively small share of official development assistance, it influences many other aspects of development planning. The organizations that comprise the population establishment have a common purpose--the reduction of population growth in the Third World--but they are not homogeneous and sometimes have conflicting goals and strategies. National governments, multilateral agencies, nongovernmental organizations, foundations, academic centers, and pressure groups all contribute to creating and sustaining what has become a virtual population control industry. Through scholarships, travel grants, awards, and favorable publicity, Third World elites have been encouraged to join the population establishment. The World Bank, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the U.N. Fund for Population Activities have pursued explicit strategies for pressuring Third World governments to design and implement population policies, most recently in Africa.
尽管人口援助在官方发展援助中所占份额相对较小，但它会影响发展规划的许多其他方面。构成人口机构的组织有一个共同目标——降低第三世界的人口增长——但它们并非同质化的，有时还存在相互冲突的目标和战略。各国政府、多边机构、非政府组织、基金会、学术中心和压力团体都在推动并维持着一个实际上已形成的人口控制产业。通过奖学金、旅行资助、奖项和正面宣传，第三世界的精英们受到鼓励加入人口机构。世界银行、美国国际开发署和联合国人口活动基金都采取了明确的策略，向第三世界国家政府施压，要求它们制定并实施人口政策，最近在非洲就是如此。
