Goldberg T L, Ruvolo M
Harvard University, Department of Anthropology, USA.
Mol Biol Evol. 1997 Sep;14(9):976-84. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025841.
This study is a geographically systematic genetic survey of the easternmost subspecies of chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii. DNA was noninvasively collected in the form of shed hair from chimpanzees of known origin in Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zaïre. Two hundred sixty-two DNA sequences from hypervariable region 1 of which of the mitochondrial control region were generated. Eastern chimpanzees display levels of mitochondrial genetic variation which are low and which are similar to levels observed in humans (Homo sapiens). Also like humans, between 80% and 90% of the genetic variability within the eastern chimpanzees is apportioned within populations. Spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that genetic similarity between eastern chimpanzees decreases clinically with distance, in a pattern remarkably similar to one seen for humans separated by equivalent geographic distances. Eastern chimpanzee mismatch distributions (frequency distributions of pairwise genetic differences between individuals) are similar in shape to those for humans, implying similar population histories of recent demographic expansion. The overall pattern of genetic variability in eastern chimpanzees is consistent with the hypothesis that the subject has responded demographically to paleoclimatically driven changes in the distribution of eastern African forests during the recent Pleistocene.
本研究是对黑猩猩最东部亚种——东非黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii）进行的一次地理系统性基因调查。通过非侵入性方式，从乌干达、卢旺达、坦桑尼亚和扎伊尔已知来源的黑猩猩脱落毛发中收集DNA。生成了262个来自线粒体控制区高变区1的DNA序列。东非黑猩猩的线粒体遗传变异水平较低，与人类（智人）中观察到的水平相似。同样与人类一样，东非黑猩猩群体内80%至90%的遗传变异分布在各个种群中。空间自相关分析表明，东非黑猩猩之间的遗传相似性随着距离增加而在临床上降低，这一模式与被同等地理距离分隔的人类所呈现的模式极为相似。东非黑猩猩错配分布（个体间成对遗传差异的频率分布）在形状上与人类的相似，这意味着近期人口扩张的群体历史相似。东非黑猩猩遗传变异的总体模式与以下假设一致：在最近的更新世期间，该物种在人口统计学上对东非森林分布受古气候驱动的变化做出了反应。
