Shimada Makoto K, Hayakawa Sachiko, Humle Tatyana, Fujita Shiho, Hirata Satoshi, Sugiyama Yukimaru, Saitou Naruya
Division of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.
Am J Primatol. 2004 Nov;64(3):261-75. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20077.
The chimpanzee populations of the Bossou and Nimba regions in West Africa were genetically surveyed to 1) reveal the genetic relationship between the Bossou and Nimba populations, and 2) elucidate the evolutionary relationship between the Bossou-Nimba and other West African populations. The chimpanzee group at Bossou is characterized by its small population size, no evidence of contact with neighboring populations, and no female immigration. It is believed that most females and adolescent males emigrate from this population. To reveal the genetic signature of these characteristics, we examined the genetic diversity of Bossou and two neighboring populations (Seringbara and Yealé) in the Nimba Mountains by sequencing approximately 605 bp of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. A total of 20 distinct mtDNA variants were observed from 56 sequences of noninvasively collected, anonymous samples. Nucleotide diversity in the Nimba Mountain populations was 0.03-0.04, and did not differ significantly from that in the Bossou population. Very few mitochondrial variants are shared among the sites sampled, which suggests that there is little gene flow involving mtDNA. Nevertheless, no clear population structures were revealed in either population. A comparison with published sequences from West African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) indicates that the variants observed in the Bossou and Nimba regions are scattered throughout the subspecies, rather than clustered according to geographic region. This suggests that the Bossou-Nimba populations derived only recently from the common ancestral population of the West African chimpanzees, and did not pass through a bottleneck.
对西非博苏和宁巴山地区的黑猩猩种群进行了基因调查，目的是：1）揭示博苏和宁巴种群之间的遗传关系；2）阐明博苏 - 宁巴种群与其他西非种群之间的进化关系。博苏的黑猩猩群体具有种群规模小、无与相邻种群接触的证据且无雌性迁入的特点。据信，大多数雌性和青春期雄性会从这个种群中迁出。为了揭示这些特征的遗传特征，我们通过对线粒体DNA（mtDNA）控制区约605 bp进行测序，研究了博苏以及宁巴山的两个相邻种群（塞林巴拉和耶莱）的遗传多样性。从56个非侵入性收集的匿名样本序列中总共观察到20种不同的mtDNA变体。宁巴山种群的核苷酸多样性为0.03 - 0.04，与博苏种群的核苷酸多样性没有显著差异。在采样位点之间共享的线粒体变体非常少，这表明涉及mtDNA的基因流动很少。然而，在这两个种群中均未揭示出明显的种群结构。与已发表的西非黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes verus）序列进行比较表明，在博苏和宁巴地区观察到的变体分散在整个亚种中，而不是按地理区域聚类。这表明博苏 - 宁巴种群最近才从西非黑猩猩的共同祖先种群中分化出来，并且没有经历过瓶颈效应。
