Stewart D R, Morris T S, Purcell R H, Emerson S U
Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0740, USA.
J Infect Dis. 1997 Sep;176(3):593-601. doi: 10.1086/514079.
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection can stimulate the production of antibodies to structural and nonstructural proteins of the virus. However, vaccination with an inactivated vaccine produces antibodies exclusively to the structural proteins. Current diagnostic assays, such as the Abbott HAVAB test, used to determine exposure to HAV detect antibodies only to the structural proteins and as a result are not able to distinguish between a natural infection and vaccination with an inactivated virus. Therefore, an ELISA was developed that is specific for antibodies to the nonstructural protein 3C of HAV and thus serves to document the occurrence of viral replication. Antibodies to the proteinase were not detected by this assay in serum from HAVAB-seropositive primates that were immunized with inactivated HAV. However, antibodies to the proteinase were detected in the serum of all primates experimentally infected with virulent HAV and in the serum of naturally infected humans.
甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）感染可刺激机体产生针对该病毒结构蛋白和非结构蛋白的抗体。然而，接种灭活疫苗仅产生针对结构蛋白的抗体。目前用于确定是否接触过HAV的诊断检测方法，如雅培HAVAB检测，只能检测针对结构蛋白的抗体，因此无法区分自然感染和接种灭活病毒疫苗的情况。因此，开发了一种酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA），该方法对HAV非结构蛋白3C的抗体具有特异性，从而可用于证明病毒复制的发生情况。在用灭活HAV免疫的HAVAB血清阳性灵长类动物的血清中，该检测方法未检测到蛋白酶抗体。然而，在所有经实验感染强毒株HAV的灵长类动物血清以及自然感染人类的血清中均检测到了蛋白酶抗体。
