Hayreh S S
Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242-1091, USA.
Clin Neurosci. 1997;4(5):251-63.
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), one of the most prevalent and visually crippling diseases in the middle-aged and elderly, potentially bilateral, is due to acute ischemia of the optic nerve head. For a logical understanding of its pathogenesis, underlying causes, clinical features, and management, it is essential to comprehend the basic scientific issues involved; these are discussed briefly in this paper. Clinically, AION is of two types: (1) arteritic AION (due to giant cell arteritis) and (2) nonarteritic AION (due to other causes). Arteritic AION is an ophthalmic emergency because of its potential of causing rapid, bilateral complete blindness which is almost always preventable if treated immediately with large doses of systemic corticosteroids. Clinical parameters which help to differentiate the two type of AION, and their management are discussed.
前部缺血性视神经病变（AION）是中老年人中最常见且致盲的疾病之一，可能双侧发病，是由于视神经乳头急性缺血所致。为了从逻辑上理解其发病机制、潜在病因、临床特征和治疗方法，必须理解其中涉及的基础科学问题；本文将对此进行简要讨论。临床上，AION分为两种类型：（1）动脉炎性AION（由巨细胞动脉炎引起）和（2）非动脉炎性AION（由其他原因引起）。动脉炎性AION是一种眼科急症，因为它有可能导致迅速的双侧完全失明，如果立即用大剂量全身糖皮质激素治疗，几乎总是可以预防的。本文将讨论有助于区分这两种类型AION的临床参数及其治疗方法。
