López I, Sepúlveda H, Valdés I
Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile. Santiago de Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 1996 Nov;124(11):1359-64.
Each year, pneumonia is the cause of death of forty thousand children under four years of age in America.
To follow children from birth until two years of age and record episodes of pneumonia, their features and associated factors.
Four hundred thirty seven healthy newborns were followed in a public out patient clinic of Northern Santiago until two years of age. Pneumonia was diagnosed using clinical or radiological criteria. The mothers of each child were interviewed in each follow up visit.
Two hundred ten episodes of pneumonia were detected during the study, 0.6 episodes per child and 1.8 episodes per affected child. Sixty six percent of episodes occurred during the first year of age. Total prevalence was 22.4 and 14.3% during the first and second year of age respectively. Semi annual incidence was 13.8 and 5.5% during the first and fourth semester respectively. Children that had pneumonia, were male in a higher proportion, had a lower birth weight, had higher number of brothers, mothers with less that 8 years of school courses and a lower socioeconomic level. During the first year of life, breast feeding during less than four months and a birth date during spring and summer were associated with a higher incidence of pneumonia. Seventy seven episodes, that occurred in 48 children, required hospitalization. The hospitalization rate for the whole cohort was 13.4% percent and 41.2% for affected children. Mean hospital stay was 5.8 days. Risk factors for hospitalization were male sex, less than four months of breast feeding, low birth weight, to have brothers, a lower mother education and lower socioeconomic level. Two children died.
One out of three healthy newborns had pneumonia during the first year of life and a low socioeconomic level was an important risk factor.
在美国，每年有4万名4岁以下儿童死于肺炎。
对儿童从出生至2岁进行跟踪，记录肺炎发作情况、其特征及相关因素。
在圣地亚哥北部的一家公立门诊诊所对437名健康新生儿进行跟踪直至2岁。采用临床或放射学标准诊断肺炎。在每次随访时对每个孩子的母亲进行访谈。
研究期间共检测到210次肺炎发作，每个孩子平均发作0.6次，每个患病孩子平均发作1.8次。66%的发作发生在1岁以内。第一年和第二年的总患病率分别为22.4%和14.3%。第一学期和第四学期的半年发病率分别为13.8%和5.5%。患肺炎的儿童中，男性比例较高，出生体重较低，兄弟姐妹数量较多，母亲受教育年限不足8年且社会经济水平较低。在生命的第一年，母乳喂养少于4个月以及春夏季出生与肺炎发病率较高相关。48名儿童发生的77次发作需要住院治疗。整个队列的住院率为13.4%，患病儿童的住院率为41.2%。平均住院天数为5.8天。住院的危险因素包括男性、母乳喂养少于4个月、低出生体重、有兄弟姐妹、母亲教育程度低和社会经济水平低。两名儿童死亡。
三分之一的健康新生儿在生命的第一年患过肺炎，社会经济水平低是一个重要的危险因素。
