Recalcitrance of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) to cometabolic degradation by pure cultures of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

Pure cultures of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria capable of oxidation and reductive dehalogenation of chloroethylenes, and aerobic bacteria involved in biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were screened for their ability to cometabolize the persistent pollutant 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE). Bacterial cultures expressing methane monooxygenase (Methylosinus trichosporium), propane monooxygenase (Mycobacterium vaccae) and biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase enzymes (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhodococcus globerulus), as well as bacteria reductively dechlorinating chloroethylenes (Acetobacterium woodii and Clostridium butyricum) could not degrade DDE. Cell-free extracts of M. trichosporium, M. vaccae, P. fluorescens and R. globerulus were also unable to transform DDE, indicating that cell wall and membrane diffusion barriers were not biodegradation limiting. These studies suggest that these bacteria can not degrade DDE, even when provided with cosubstrates that induce chlorophenyl- and dichloroethylene-group transforming enzymes.