Shinohara H
Division of Human Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
Anat Rec. 1997 Sep;249(1):6-15. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(199709)249:1<6::AID-AR2>3.0.CO;2-P.
The diaphragm has a unique system that collects peritoneal fluid and carries it into the lymphatic system. However, our understanding of the morphology and function of this system is still incomplete.
Twelve C57BL/6 mice of 13 to 25 weeks of age were used without regard to sex. In one series of experiments, the diaphragm was isolated and fixed 10-15 minutes after injection of india ink into the peritoneal cavity and then the peritoneal mesothelium was peeled off from the submesothelial connective tissue. The lymphatic vessels attached to the mesothelial strip were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The diaphragm was also observed in plastic-embedded semithin and ultrathin sections. In another series of experiments, the diaphragm was stained by 5'-nucleotidase histochemistry (Wachstein and Meizel, 1957a. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 27:13-23), and several microdrops of india ink were placed on the peritoneal or pleural surface to reveal the profile of the lymphatic vessels.
The lymphatic vessels on the peritoneal side of the diaphragm were flattened. They usually ranged from several to 100 microns in width and from close to zero to a few micrometers in thickness. In other words, they formed extremely flat lumina, differing from the more usual tubular lymphatic vessels. Several lymphatic vessels extended radially and parallel to one another from the central tendon to the thoracic wall, with numerous connecting branches, forming an area of lymphatic vessels. The india ink that had been injected intraperitoneally and the staining with 5'-nucleotidase revealed that there were seven to nine such lymphatic areas in one hemisphere of the diaphragm. The lymphatic areas spread in parallel with the peritoneal surface of the diaphragm and all the areas together appeared to occupy more than half the surface area of the sternocostal part of the diaphragm. Each area was a relatively distinct functional unit with respect to the draining of india ink. Microdrops of india ink placed on the pleural surface did not enter the lymphatic vessels, while those placed on the peritoneal surface immediately entered the peritoneal lymphatic vessels and migrated to the pleural lymphatic vessels via the transmuscular lymphatic branches.
The peritoneal lymphatic vessels of the diaphragm have extremely flat lumina that spread in parallel with the peritoneal surface of the diaphragm and form a lymphatic sieve that covers approximately half or more of the surface area of the sternocostal region for drainage of fluid and particulate matter from the peritoneal cavity. The lymphatic system has been characterized by the presence of openings (= stomata) to the peritoneal cavity and the amplitude of the lumina (= lacunae). However, the fundamental characteristic of the system is the extremely flat lumen (= vadum), which facilitates the formation of the lymphatic sieve.
膈肌具有一个独特的系统，可收集腹膜液并将其输送到淋巴系统。然而，我们对该系统的形态和功能的了解仍不完整。
使用12只13至25周龄的C57BL / 6小鼠，不考虑性别。在一系列实验中，在向腹腔注射印度墨汁后10 - 15分钟分离并固定膈肌，然后将腹膜间皮从间皮下结缔组织上剥离。通过扫描电子显微镜检查附着在间皮条上的淋巴管。还在塑料包埋的半薄和超薄切片中观察膈肌。在另一系列实验中，用5'-核苷酸酶组织化学法（Wachstein和Meizel，1957a。《美国临床病理学杂志》，27:13 - 23）对膈肌进行染色，并在腹膜或胸膜表面放置几滴印度墨汁以显示淋巴管的轮廓。
膈肌腹膜侧的淋巴管呈扁平状。它们的宽度通常为几微米至100微米，厚度从接近零到几微米不等。换句话说，它们形成了极其扁平的管腔，与更常见的管状淋巴管不同。几条淋巴管从中心腱径向延伸并相互平行，直至胸壁，有许多连接分支，形成一个淋巴管区域。腹腔内注射的印度墨汁和5'-核苷酸酶染色显示，膈肌的一个半球中有7至9个这样的淋巴区域。这些淋巴区域与膈肌的腹膜表面平行分布，所有区域加起来似乎占据了膈肌胸骨肋部表面积的一半以上。就印度墨汁的引流而言，每个区域都是一个相对独立的功能单位。放置在胸膜表面的印度墨汁微滴不会进入淋巴管，而放置在腹膜表面的微滴会立即进入腹膜淋巴管，并通过跨肌淋巴管分支迁移到胸膜淋巴管。
膈肌的腹膜淋巴管具有极其扁平的管腔，与膈肌的腹膜表面平行分布，形成一个淋巴筛，覆盖胸骨肋部表面积的约一半或更多，用于从腹腔引流液体和颗粒物。淋巴系统的特征是存在通向腹腔的开口（=气孔）和管腔的幅度（=腔隙）。然而，该系统的基本特征是极其扁平的管腔（=浅沟），这有利于形成淋巴筛。
