Albin N, Massade L, Gouyette A
Département de pharmacogénétique et pharmacotoxicologie, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Bull Cancer. 1997 Jun;84(6):643-51.
Pharmacogenetics could be defined as the study of genetically controlled variations in drug response. Introduction of pharmacogenetics in hematology and oncology has been done recently. With recombinant DNA technology, like restriction analysis of genomic DNA, enzymatic amplification of DNA by the polymerase chain reaction and expression of cDNAs in cell cultures, this research area has been developed during the last 10 years. In hematology and oncology, we can integrate pharmacogenetics in 3 areas. First, the concept of genetic risk of cancer and the study of drug or carcinogen metabolizing enzymes that could modulate this risk, regarding the activity of some specific enzymes; second, the use of pharmacogenetics, related to the toxicity or efficacy of anticancer drugs, allowing the identification of key enzymes involved in the biotransformation of the drug and the study of molecular aspects involved in the regulation of the activity of the enzymes; third, the implication of the study of enzymatic activities in tumoral tissues as compared to non-tumoral tissues. The following differences between the 2 tissues can be subsequently used to increase the specificity of the anticancer drugs.
药物遗传学可被定义为对药物反应中基因控制变异的研究。药物遗传学最近已被引入血液学和肿瘤学领域。借助重组DNA技术，如基因组DNA的限制性分析、通过聚合酶链反应对DNA进行酶促扩增以及在细胞培养物中表达cDNA，该研究领域在过去10年中得到了发展。在血液学和肿瘤学中，我们可以将药物遗传学整合到三个领域。第一，癌症遗传风险的概念以及对可能调节这种风险的药物或致癌物代谢酶的研究，这涉及某些特定酶的活性；第二，与抗癌药物的毒性或疗效相关的药物遗传学应用，这有助于识别参与药物生物转化的关键酶，并研究涉及酶活性调节的分子层面；第三，肿瘤组织与非肿瘤组织中酶活性研究的意义。随后可利用这两种组织之间的以下差异来提高抗癌药物的特异性。
