Elaad E, Ben-Shakhar G
Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Israel National Police H.Q., Jerusalem.
Psychophysiology. 1997 Sep;34(5):587-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb01745.x.
Two mock-crime experiments were designed to examine the effects of question repetition and variation on the efficiency of the guilty knowledge test. In the first experiment, two factors (single vs. multiple questions, and high vs. low motivation) were manipulated and in the second experiment, which was an analog study conducted in a police laboratory using field equipment, only the first factor was examined. Similar detection efficiencies were obtained in both experiments when a single question was repeated 12 times, and when each of four different questions was repeated 3 times. The results also showed that accumulating information across repetitions and across physiological measures tended to increase detection efficiency and reduce false positive errors. The results of Experiment 1 suggest that motivation to avoid detection may be associated with better detection efficiency.
设计了两项模拟犯罪实验，以检验问题重复和变化对有罪知识测试效率的影响。在第一个实验中，操纵了两个因素（单个问题与多个问题，以及高动机与低动机），在第二个实验中，这是一个在警察实验室使用现场设备进行的模拟研究，只考察了第一个因素。当一个问题重复12次，以及四个不同问题各重复3次时，两个实验都获得了相似的检测效率。结果还表明，通过重复和生理测量积累信息往往会提高检测效率并减少假阳性错误。实验1的结果表明，避免被发现的动机可能与更好的检测效率相关。
