Skuse D H
Bahavioural Sciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 1997 Aug;9(4):354-60.
This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of child psychiatric disorders. As in adult psychiatry, progress in this area has been slow. First, it now appears clearer than ever that the "one gene, one disease" model is inappropriate for the vast majority of psychiatric disorders. Second, considerable resources are still being devoted to the search for genes, done using linkage and association models, together with twin and adoption studies, on the basis of case recognition according to conventional disease classification. Recent progress with conventionally specified disorders is reviewed and contrasted with the remarkable advances being made in the identification of the genetic basis of key cognitive processes through the power of modern molecular genetic techniques. Child psychiatric genetic could profit from a new focus on the search for the genetic processes underlying specific cognitive functions that, in turn, underpin child psychiatric disorders, especially those that are neurodevelopmental in origin.
本综述讨论了我们对儿童精神障碍遗传基础理解的最新进展。与成人精神病学一样，该领域的进展一直缓慢。首先，现在比以往任何时候都更清楚的是，“一个基因，一种疾病”模型不适用于绝大多数精神障碍。其次，大量资源仍被用于寻找基因，这是通过连锁和关联模型以及双胞胎和收养研究来完成的，其依据是根据传统疾病分类进行病例识别。本文回顾了传统上指定疾病的最新进展，并将其与通过现代分子遗传技术的力量在关键认知过程的遗传基础识别方面取得的显著进展进行了对比。儿童精神病遗传学可能会受益于一个新的关注点，即寻找特定认知功能背后的遗传过程，而这些认知功能反过来又支撑着儿童精神障碍，尤其是那些起源于神经发育的障碍。
