[Principles of the hygienic standardization of extraneous substances (food additives and admixtures) in food products].

At the root of hygienic standardization of extraneous substances on the ground toxicological experimentation there lies the notion of the noxious action threshold and of the maximum permissible concentration of the substance (MPC). The influence of diverse environmental factors of low intensity on man should not bring forth even temporary disturbances of the homeostasis, including the reproductive function, as well as the strain on defensive and adaptive compensatory mechanisms during the whole of the life span. There arises the need for elaborating indicators that might characterize the "viability" of the organism, or, in other words, the possibility of its performing all the functions that are inherent in a given species. In setting up a biological experiment the maximum attention should be concentrated on integral tests and behavioral reactions that reflect general processes proceeding in the organism, as well as on utilization of "functional loads" that reveal the physiological reliability, on a study of late after-effects at all stages marking the development of the species, but, especially, on bearing in mind the possibility of emerging teratogenic properties. Much study still requires the problem of "indirect" toxic effect of extraneous substances and also of a stringent recording of the food ration for the test animals, which plays an important part in the protection, or, conversely, the debiliation of the organism.