Wheeler T L, Cundiff L V, Koch R M, Dikeman M E, Crouse J D
Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, ARS, USDA, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1997 Sep;75(9):2389-403. doi: 10.2527/1997.7592389x.
Carcass cut-out yields of 888 steers obtained from mating Hereford and Angus cows to Hereford or Angus (HA), Charolais (Ch), Gelbvieh (Gb), Pinzgauer (Pz), Shorthorn (Sh), Galloway (Gw), Longhorn (Lh), Nellore (Ne), Piedmontese (Pm), and Salers (Sa) sires were compared. Data were evaluated at constant age (426 d), carcass weight (324 kg), fat thickness (1.2 cm), fat trim percentage (23%), and marbling (Small(00)) end points. Piedmontese-sired steers excelled in total retail product and fat trim percentages at all slaughter end points except at the 23% fat trim end point. At an age end point, percentage of retail product was greater in steers sired by Continental European breeds (Gb, Ch, Sa, Pz; 63.3 to 65.5% at 0 cm trim) than in steers sired by British breeds (Sh, HA; 60.1 to 61.0%). Piedmontese-sired steers, which were expected to carry one copy of a major gene for muscle hypertrophy, had the highest (P < .05) retail product yields at an age end point (69.7%). At an age end point, although carcass weights were significantly heavier (P < .05) for Charolais-sired steers than for Piedmontese-sired steers, lean growth rate, as reflected by totally trimmed retail product at 426 d, was similar (P > .05) for Piedmontese and Charolais-sired steers. Differences among sire breeds were small for retail product percentage at marbling, fat thickness, and fat trim end points. Ranking of sire breeds for age-constant weight of retail product was as follows: Ch, Pm, Gb, Sa, Ne, Pz, HA, Sh, Gw, and Lh. Sire breed differences in wholesale and subprimal cut yields were similar to total retail product differences. Piedmontese-sired steers produced the most muscular, leanest, and highest-yielding carcasses, and HA- and Sh-sired steers produced the fattest, lowest-yielding carcasses.
比较了888头阉牛的胴体分割产量，这些阉牛是由赫里福德牛和安格斯牛与赫里福德或安格斯（HA）、夏洛来（Ch）、吉尔维耶（Gb）、平茨高尔（Pz）、短角牛（Sh）、加洛韦（Gw）、长角牛（Lh）、内洛尔（Ne）、皮埃蒙特牛（Pm）和萨勒斯（Sa）种公牛交配产生的。数据在恒定年龄（426天）、胴体重（324千克）、脂肪厚度（1.2厘米）、脂肪修整百分比（23%）和大理石花纹（小（00））终点进行评估。除了在23%脂肪修整终点外，皮埃蒙特种公牛所生的阉牛在所有屠宰终点的总零售产品和脂肪修整百分比方面表现出色。在年龄终点时，欧洲大陆品种（Gb、Ch、Sa、Pz；0厘米修整时为63.3%至65.5%）所生阉牛的零售产品百分比高于英国品种（Sh、HA；60.1%至61.0%）所生阉牛。预计携带一份肌肉肥大主要基因的皮埃蒙特种公牛所生阉牛在年龄终点时的零售产品产量最高（P <.05）（69.7%）。在年龄终点时，尽管夏洛来种公牛所生阉牛的胴体重量比皮埃蒙特种公牛所生阉牛显著更重（P <.05），但以426天完全修整后的零售产品反映的瘦肉生长率，皮埃蒙特种公牛和夏洛来种公牛所生阉牛相似（P >.05）。在大理石花纹、脂肪厚度和脂肪修整终点时，种公牛品种之间零售产品百分比的差异较小。按零售产品年龄恒定重量对种公牛品种进行的排名如下：Ch、Pm、Gb、Sa、Ne、Pz、HA、Sh、Gw和Lh。批发和主要切块产量的种公牛品种差异与总零售产品差异相似。皮埃蒙特种公牛所生阉牛生产出肌肉最发达、最瘦且产量最高的胴体，而HA和Sh种公牛所生阉牛生产出最肥、产量最低的胴体。
