Lin D L, Chang H C, Chang C P, Chen C Y
Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan.
J Forensic Sci. 1997 Sep;42(5):817-23.
One hundred eighty-three suspect bear bile used in medicinal products, collected in Taiwan as gall bladders or dried powder forms, were analyzed using FTIR, HPTLC, and HPLC techniques to identify whether they are indeed bear bile. Those confirmed were further examined to determine whether the observed analytical parameters can be reliably used for source inference, i.e., differentiating products among North American black bear, farmed Asiatic black bear, polar bear, etc. Our data suggested that North American and polar bears contain a higher concentration of TC (relative to TUDC and TCDC), whereas the relative concentration of TC in Asiatic bears (wild or farmed) is much lower. Thus, the relative concentration of TC can potentially be used for differentiating Asiatic bear bile from North American and polar bear products, but it cannot be used for the differentiation of wild and farmed bear bile as suggested in an earlier report by Espinoza et al. The origin of the 183 samples analyzed were found to be as follows: 118 (64%), bile salts, or gall bladders were of domestic pig; 56 (31%), bile products of Asiatic bear; 4 (2.2%), Asiatic bear mixed with pig bile salts; 3 (1.6%) goat gall bladders; 1 (0.55%) water buffalo bile salts; and 1 (0.55%), pig bile salts mixed with water buffalo bile salts.
对183份疑似用于药品的熊胆进行了分析，这些熊胆在台湾以胆囊或干粉形式收集，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、高效薄层色谱（HPTLC）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）技术来鉴定它们是否确实为熊胆。对确认的样本进一步检测，以确定观察到的分析参数是否可可靠地用于来源推断，即区分北美黑熊、养殖亚洲黑熊、北极熊等的产品。我们的数据表明，北美黑熊和北极熊的牛磺胆酸（TC）浓度较高（相对于牛磺熊去氧胆酸和牛磺鹅去氧胆酸），而亚洲黑熊（野生或养殖）中TC的相对浓度要低得多。因此，TC的相对浓度有可能用于区分亚洲黑熊胆汁与北美黑熊和北极熊的产品，但正如埃斯皮诺萨等人早期报告中所建议的，它不能用于区分野生和养殖熊胆。分析的183个样本来源如下：118个（64%）为猪的胆盐或胆囊；56个（31%）为亚洲黑熊的胆汁产品；4个（2.2%）为亚洲黑熊与猪胆盐混合；3个（1.6%）为山羊胆囊；1个（0.55%）为水牛胆盐；1个（0.55%）为猪胆盐与水牛胆盐混合。
