Capillary zone electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection for the determination of nanomolar concentrations of noradrenaline and dopamine: application to brain microdialysate analysis.

Determination of catecholamines by capillary zone electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection was performed on low-concentration samples, which were derivatized with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde to give highly fluorescent compounds. When the borate concentration in the derivatization medium was decreased from 130 to 13 mM, sensitivity for noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) was greatly enhanced while resolution between these two compounds decreased. A 50 mM borate concentration in derivatization medium was chosen since it provided maximal resolution between NA and DA, together with a high separation efficiency (3.1 million theoretical plates per meter for DA). The injection of 2.4 nL of a NA and DA solution derivatized at 10(-9) M produced peaks with signal-to-noise ratio of 8:1 and 3:1, respectively, corresponding to 1.8 amol of each catecholamine. The calibration curves were linear when NA and DA solutions were derivatized at concentrations ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-9) M. This method was used to determine NA in brain extracellular fluid: a peak corresponding to a basal level of 5 x 10(-9) M endogeneous NA was observed in microdialysates from the medial frontal cortex of the rat, and its nature was confirmed by both electrophoretic and pharmacological validations.