Masur E F
Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb 60115, USA.
J Child Lang. 1997 Jun;24(2):427-39. doi: 10.1017/s0305000997003115.
Mothers' provision of names for novel and familiar toy animals was examined during play interactions with 20 infants observed at ages 0;10, 1;1, 1;5, and 1;9. Of particular interest were characteristics of mothers' speech which might bear on children's development of lexical principles or constraints. Analyses demonstrated that mothers facilitated their children's determination of reference and differentially adjusted their naming practices to novel, comprehended, and familiar animals. They virtually always named the whole object first. More important, the first mention of novel, but not comprehended or familiar animals involved both maternal naming and physical designation of the object 92% or more of the time. Thus, although a novel word's referent may be indeterminate logically, mothers specify it practically. These results support the position that maternal labelling practices may assist children in acquiring lexical principles and that lexical acquisition, perhaps even the vocabulary spurt, can proceed during natural conversational interactions before infants master lexical principles.
在与20名分别在0;10、1;1、1;5和1;9岁时被观察的婴儿进行玩耍互动期间，研究了母亲为新奇和熟悉的玩具动物提供名称的情况。特别令人感兴趣的是母亲言语的特征，这些特征可能与儿童词汇原则或限制的发展有关。分析表明，母亲们促进了孩子对指称的确定，并针对新奇、已理解和熟悉的动物有区别地调整了她们的命名方式。她们几乎总是先说出整个物体的名称。更重要的是，对于新奇但未理解或不熟悉的动物，在92%或更多的情况下，母亲的首次提及既包括对物体的命名也包括对其进行实物指认。因此，尽管从逻辑上讲，一个新单词的指称可能是不确定的，但母亲们实际上会明确指出它。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即母亲的标签行为可能有助于儿童习得词汇原则，并且词汇习得，甚至可能是词汇量的快速增长，在婴儿掌握词汇原则之前就可以在自然对话互动中进行。
