Hata T, Aoki S, Manabe A, Hata K, Miyazaki K
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan.
Hum Reprod. 1997 Aug;12(8):1800-4. doi: 10.1093/humrep/12.8.1800.
Our purpose was to visualize normal embryonal and fetal surface anatomical structures in the first trimester of human pregnancy by use of three-dimensional ultrasonography with a specially developed abdominal three-dimensional transducer. Four embryos and 31 fetuses of 8-13 weeks gestation were studied with a specially-developed abdominal three-dimensional transducer (3.5 MHz). This imaging system can provide conventional two-dimensional ultrasonography images and can also generate, within seconds, high-quality three-dimensional images in the surface and transparent mode with no need for an external workstation. The percentage of surface anatomical structures visualized at each gestational age interval using two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography is presented. Head and trunk were depicted in all cases. The number and the clarity of visualization of face, upper and lower extremities, hand, and foot increased with advancing gestation. The free loop of the umbilical cord was depicted in most cases. The number of depictions of abdominal cord insertion, midgut herniation, and yolk sac decreased with the increase of gestation. Genitals could not be identified in the first trimester. The ability to view some surface anatomical structures (face, hand, and foot) was better with three-dimensional ultrasonography than with two-dimensional ultrasonography. Three-dimensional ultrasonography provides a novel means for visualization of surface anatomical structures of the embryo and early fetus. These results suggest that three-dimensional ultrasonography can become an important modality in future embryological and early fetal research and in detection of embryonic and fetal developmental disorders in the first trimester of pregnancy.
我们的目的是通过使用专门开发的腹部三维探头的三维超声检查来观察人类妊娠早期正常胚胎和胎儿的表面解剖结构。使用专门开发的腹部三维探头（3.5MHz）对4例胚胎和31例妊娠8 - 13周的胎儿进行了研究。该成像系统可以提供传统的二维超声图像，还能在数秒内生成高质量的表面和透明模式的三维图像，无需外部工作站。本文展示了使用二维和三维超声检查在每个孕周间隔观察到的表面解剖结构的百分比。所有病例均描绘了头部和躯干。随着孕周增加，面部、上肢和下肢、手和脚的显示数量及清晰度增加。大多数病例描绘了脐带的游离环。随着孕周增加，腹部脐带插入、中肠疝和卵黄囊的描绘数量减少。孕早期无法识别生殖器。三维超声检查观察某些表面解剖结构（面部、手和脚）的能力优于二维超声检查。三维超声检查为观察胚胎和早期胎儿的表面解剖结构提供了一种新方法。这些结果表明，三维超声检查可能成为未来胚胎学和早期胎儿研究以及妊娠早期胚胎和胎儿发育障碍检测的重要手段。
