Lally M, Nettelbeck T
Am J Ment Defic. 1977 Nov;82(3):273-81.
Forty-eight subjects with IQ scores ranging from 57 to 138 discriminated between two lines of markedly different length, exposed for varying periods of time. Estimates of inspection time, lambda, a measure assumed to reflect the rate at which sensory input is processed, were obtained from the pattern of errors made by each subject and, therefore, independently from the reaction time (RT) required to respond. lambda correlated negatively with IQ scores. RTs of nonretarded subjects increased as stimulus-exposure duration decreased, whereas for retarded subjects RTs remained constant. This is interpreted as indicating differences between the groups in response strategy under conditions of difficult discrimination. The rate of information processing was also estimated in a different choice RT situation, using as an index the reciprocal of the slope of the function relating RT to degree of stimulus choice. Retarded subjects had slower rates and longer RTs than nonretarded subjects. A second experiment controlling for response-selection factors confirmed that this slowness could not be attributed to gross-movement difficulties and that a slower rate of information transmission seemed to be involved.
48名智商分数在57至138之间的受试者，对两条长度明显不同的线段进行辨别，线段呈现的时长各不相同。通过每位受试者所犯错误的模式得出了检查时间（λ）的估计值，λ是一种被认为能反映感觉输入处理速度的指标，因此它独立于做出反应所需的反应时间（RT）。λ与智商分数呈负相关。非智力迟钝受试者的反应时间会随着刺激呈现时长的减少而增加，而智力迟钝受试者的反应时间则保持不变。这被解释为表明在辨别困难的条件下，两组受试者在反应策略上存在差异。在另一种选择反应时间的情境中，也通过将反应时间与刺激选择程度相关函数的斜率的倒数作为指标来估计信息处理速度。智力迟钝受试者的处理速度比非智力迟钝受试者慢，反应时间也更长。控制反应选择因素的第二个实验证实，这种迟缓不能归因于粗大运动困难，似乎涉及到更慢的信息传递速度。
