Transvaginal ultrasound detection of septated and non-septated cystic hygroma in early pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the correlation of sonographic transvaginal signs of cystic hygroma and fetal outcome.

METHOD

Diagnosis was made in 11 cases at 9.1-13.4 weeks of gestation. Fetal karyotype, presence of septations and other associated malformations were considered. The volume of septated and non-septated cystic hygromas was compared by a t test with a statistical significance of p < 0.01.

RESULTS

Septation of the hygroma was found in 4 cases and fetal death occurred in 3 of these with an abnormal karyotype. Five fetuses demonstrated regression of the hygroma within the 19th week. The volume of septated and non-septated cystic hygromas are statistically different (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Diagnosis of cystic hygromas is possible in early pregnancy by transvaginal scan. Prognosis varies depending on fetal karyotype, volume, presence of septations and other associated malformations. The volume of the hygroma and the presence of septa are associated with a higher incidence of chromosomopathies and a poorer fetal prognosis.