Lafferty P M
Lanarkshire College of Nursing and Midwifery Hartwood Hospital, Shotts, Scotland.
Nurse Educ Today. 1997 Aug;17(4):281-6. doi: 10.1016/s0260-6917(97)80057-3.
The view of nursing as both art and science is widely held within the profession; however, this belief is not reflected in nurse education where the artistic aspects of nursing practice continue to be overshadowed by the emphasis on the scientific, the technical and the objective. It is suggested that nursing knowledge can be considered within four fundamental types or patterns of knowledge: empirical, aesthetic, personal and moral, each interrelated and interlinked, with aesthetic knowledge argued to encompass the art of nursing. Nursing's dual identity as an art and science arguably requires a balance within the curriculum, therefore the promotion and acquisition of aesthetic knowledge seems a desirable aim. The development of strategies specifically designed to develop and incorporate such knowledge across the curriculum and to make it explicit presents a challenge for all nurse educators. This paper will examine aesthetic knowledge as essential to the art of nursing, and will consider the application of literature as a method through which this knowledge may be attained. The use of literature is suggested as facilitating an awareness of human predicaments universal to all, thus enabling the nurse to develop qualities of caring, empathy and compassion, indicated to be components of nursing's art form.
护理既是一门艺术也是一门科学，这一观点在护理行业中广泛存在；然而，这种观念在护理教育中并未得到体现，在护理教育中，护理实践的艺术层面仍然被对科学、技术和客观性的强调所掩盖。有人认为，护理知识可以分为四种基本类型或知识模式：经验性知识、审美性知识、个人性知识和道德性知识，每种知识相互关联且相互联系，其中审美性知识被认为涵盖了护理艺术。护理作为一门艺术和科学的双重身份，在课程设置中可能需要保持平衡，因此，推广和获取审美性知识似乎是一个理想的目标。专门设计用于在整个课程中培养和融入此类知识并使其明确化的策略的制定，对所有护理教育工作者来说都是一项挑战。本文将探讨审美性知识对护理艺术的重要性，并将把文学的应用作为获取此类知识的一种方法来加以考量。有人认为，使用文学有助于培养对所有人普遍面临的人类困境的认识，从而使护士能够培养出关怀、同理心和同情心等品质，这些品质被认为是护理艺术形式的组成部分。
