Brown R, Hobson R P, Lee A, Stevenson J
Tavistock Clinic, London, U.K.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997 Sep;38(6):693-703. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01696.x.
Twenty-four congenitally blind children between 3 and 9 years of age were studied for the prevalence of "autistic-like" features, as assessed by teacher reports and by systematic observations of the children's behaviour. A comparison between the 15 blind children who had IQs over 70 and 10 sighted children group-matched for age and verbal ability revealed that a number of autistic-like features were more common in the blind. When the nine blind children who had IQs less than 70 were compared with nine group-matched autistic children, the picture that emerged was of substantial overlap in clinical presentation, despite subtle differences on clinical impression. Similar results were obtained when blind subgroups were reconstituted according to the children's nonautistic or autistic-like clinical presentation, rather than IQ. These findings are discussed in relation to competing theories concerning the development of autism and "theory of mind".
通过教师报告以及对儿童行为的系统观察，对24名3至9岁的先天性失明儿童进行了“类自闭症”特征患病率的研究。将15名智商超过70的失明儿童与10名年龄和语言能力匹配的有视力儿童进行比较，结果显示一些类自闭症特征在失明儿童中更为常见。当将9名智商低于70的失明儿童与9名匹配的自闭症儿童进行比较时，尽管临床印象存在细微差异，但出现的情况是临床表现有大量重叠。当根据儿童的非自闭症或类自闭症临床表现而非智商重新组建失明亚组时，也获得了类似结果。结合关于自闭症发展和“心理理论”的相互竞争理论对这些发现进行了讨论。
