Reis A, Castro-Caldas A
Language Research Laboratory, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1997 Sep;3(5):444-50.
Learning to read and write generates new rules within the language processing systems. These new rules significantly change the manner in which some operations are performed. This finding was studied, by comparing the performance of literate and illiterate persons in several tasks. It was found that illiterate individuals (1) had difficulties in repeating pseudowords, (2) were worse at memorizing pairs of phonologically related words compared to pairs of semantically related words, and (3) were unable to generate words according to a formal criterion. Illiterate persons use strategies that are good for semantic processing, but inadequate for phonological analysis, while literate individuals are able to use several parallel running strategies.
学习阅读和写作会在语言处理系统中生成新规则。这些新规则显著改变了某些操作的执行方式。通过比较识字者和不识字者在多项任务中的表现，对这一发现进行了研究。结果发现，不识字的人（1）在重复假词方面有困难，（2）与记忆语义相关的词对相比，在记忆语音相关的词对方面表现更差，（3）无法根据形式标准生成单词。不识字的人使用的策略有利于语义处理，但不足以进行语音分析，而识字的人能够使用几种并行运行的策略。
